GitHub

GitHub

Org github

  • label : Github

This is a using a future source Satya Nadella or url https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satya_Nadella.

Source github_github

Ident github

  • label : Github

  • orgs : github

  • sources : github_github

Event github_pages

Source github_pages

Text

Title : GitHub - Wikipedia

GitHub.
| Type of business |
|
|---|
[version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-1)[San
Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco), California,
U.S.[Founder(s)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_founder)
[Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner)[Chris
Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath)[P. J. Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett)- Scott
Chacon.
- Mike Taylor (CFO)
- Kyle Daigle (COO)
- Collaborative.
[version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)(GitHub) - AI development tools (
[GitHub Copilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Copilot)) [Web
host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service)(GitHub Pages)[Package
repository](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_repository)([npm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm))
[Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue)
[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
techcrunch.com-2)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3)[Parent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_company)
[Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft)(2018–present)[github](https://github.com/)
.com[IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6)support.
[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-4)[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-5)[Users](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_user)
)[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-6)[ASN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number)
[36459](https://bgp.tools/as/36459)GitHub ([/ˈɡɪthʌb/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ⓘ) is a.
[proprietary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_software)developer platform that allows developers to create,
store, manage, and share their code. It uses.
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)to provide.
[distributed version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_version_control)and GitHub itself provides.
[access control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_control),
[bug tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug_tracking_system),
[software feature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_feature)requests,
[task management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_management),
[continuous integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration), and.
[wikis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki)for every project.
Headquartered in.
[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-hugeinvestment-9)[California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California),
GitHubhas been a subsidiary of.
[Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft)since 2018.
[[10]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-techcrunch-10)It is commonly used to host [open
source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source) software development projects. [11] As of January 2023,
GitHub reported having over 100 million developers and more than 420 million.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)[repositories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repository_(version_control)),
including at least 28 million public repositories.
It is the world's largest.
[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-12)[source code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code)host as of June
2023.
Over five billion developer contributions were made to more than 500 million open source projects in 2024.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)
[[13]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-13)About.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=1)]
Founding.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=2)]
The development of the GitHub platform began on October 19, 2007. [14] The site was launched in April 2008 by.
[Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner),
[Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath),
[P. J. Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett)and Scott Chacon after it had been available for a few months as
a.
[beta release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_release).
Its name was chosen as a compound of.
[[15]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-pastie-15)and.
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)hub.
[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-16)Structure of the organization.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=3)]
GitHub was originally a [flat organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_organization) with no middle managers,
instead relying on [self-management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_self-management). [17] Employees could
choose to work on projects that interested them (
[open allocation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_allocation)), but the chief executive set salaries.
[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-nyt-18)In 2014, the company added a layer of [middle
management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_management) in response to harassment allegations against its co-
founder and then-CEO, Thomas Preston-Werner, and his wife, Theresa Preston-Werner. As a result of the scandal, [Tom
Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner) resigned from his position as CEO. [19] Co-founder and
Product lead,
[Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath), became CEO.
[Julio Avalos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Avalos), then General Counsel and Administrative Officer, assumed
control over GitHub's business operations and day-to-day management.
[[20]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-20)Finance.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=4)]
GitHub was a [bootstrapped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship#Bootstrapping) [start-up
business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startup_company), which in its first years provided enough revenue to be funded
solely by its three founders and start taking on employees.[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-21)
In July 2012, four years after the company was founded, [Andreessen
Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz) invested $100 million in [venture
capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture_capital) [9] with a $750 million valuation.
[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-22)In July 2015 GitHub raised another $250 million (~$314 million in 2023) of
venture capital in a [series B round](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_B). The lead investor was [Sequoia
Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia_Capital), and other investors were [Andreessen
Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz), [Thrive
Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrive_Capital), IVP (Institutional Venture Partners) and other venture capital
funds.[[23]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-23) [24] The company was then valued at approximately $2 billion.
[[25]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-25)As of 2023, [update] GitHub was estimated to generate $1 billion in revenue
annually.
[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-techcrunch.com-2)History.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=5)]
The GitHub service was developed by [Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath), [P. J.
Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett), [Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-
Werner), and Scott Chacon using [Ruby on Rails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails), and started in February
2008. [26] The company, GitHub, Inc., was formed in 2007 and is located in San Francisco.
[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-27)On February 24, 2009, GitHub announced that within the first year of being
online, GitHub had accumulated over 46,000 public repositories, 17,000 of which were formed in the previous month. At
that time, about 6,200 repositories had been [forked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development)) at
least once, and 4,600 had been merged.
That same year, the site was used by over 100,000 users, according to GitHub, [28] and had grown to host 90,000 unique
public repositories, 12,000 having been forked at least once, for a total of 135,000 repositories.
[[29]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-29)In 2010, GitHub was hosting 1 million repositories. [30] A year later, this
number doubled.
[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-31)[ReadWriteWeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReadWriteWeb)reported that
GitHub had surpassed.
[SourceForge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge)and.
[Google Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Code)in total number of commits for the period of January to May
2011.
On January 16, 2013, GitHub passed the 3 million users mark and was then hosting more than 5 million repositories.
[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-32)By the end of the year, the number of repositories was twice as great,
reaching 10 million repositories.
[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-33)
[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-34)In 2015, GitHub opened an office in Japan, its first outside of the
U.S.[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-35)
On February 28, 2018, GitHub fell victim to the third-largest [distributed denial-of-
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_denial-of-service) (DDoS) attack in history, with incoming traffic
reaching a peak of about 1.35 terabits per second.[[36]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DDOS-36)
On June 19, 2018, GitHub expanded its GitHub Education by offering free education bundles to all
schools.[[37]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-37)[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-38)
On June 11, 2019, it was announced that former [Bitnami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitnami) chief operating officer
(COO) and co-founder, Erica Brescia, would be GitHub's COO.[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-39)
On November 3, 2021, GitHub announced that CEO [Nat Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman), who become
CEO when Microsoft acquired GitHub, was stepping down as CEO and GitHub's chief product officer, Thomas Dohmke, would
become CEO on November 15.[[40]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-40)
On August 11, 2025 [Thomas Dohmke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dohmke) announced that he was to step down as
CEO at the end of 2025, to pursue entrepreneurial endeavors. Microsoft did not immediately share their intention to find
a direct replacement.[[41]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-41)
Acquisition by Microsoft.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=6)]
From 2012, [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft) became a significant user of GitHub, using it to host
open-source projects and development tools such as [.NET Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET), [Chakra
Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)), [MSBuild](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSBuild),
[PowerShell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerShell), [PowerToys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerToys),
[Visual Studio Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code), [Windows
Calculator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calculator), [Windows
Terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Terminal) and the bulk of its product documentation (now to be found on
[Microsoft Docs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Learn)).[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
venturebeat-43)[[44]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:1-44)
On June 4, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to acquire GitHub for US$7.5 billion (~$8.96 billion in 2023). [45] The
deal closed on October 26, 2018.
GitHub continued to operate independently as a community, platform and business.
[[46]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-46)Under Microsoft, the service was led by.
[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-47)[Xamarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamarin)'s.
[Nat Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman), reporting to.
[Scott Guthrie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Guthrie), executive vice president of Microsoft Cloud and AI.
[[48]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-48)
[[49]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-49)There have been concerns from developers Kyle Simpson,
[JavaScript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript) trainer and author, and Rafael Laguna, CEO at [Open-
Xchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange) over Microsoft's purchase, citing uneasiness over Microsoft's
handling of previous acquisitions, such as [Nokia's mobile business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile) and
[Skype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype).[[50]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-50)[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-51)
This acquisition was in line with Microsoft's business strategy under CEO [Satya
Nadella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satya_Nadella), which has seen a larger focus on [cloud
computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing) services, alongside the development of and contributions to
open-source software.[[10]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
techcrunch-10)[[44]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:1-44)[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-52) Harvard
Business Review argued that Microsoft was intending to acquire GitHub to get access to its user base, so it can be used
as a.
[loss leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_leader)to encourage the use of its other development products and
services.
[[53]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-53)Concerns over the sale bolstered interest in competitors:
[Bitbucket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitbucket) (owned by [Atlassian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlassian)),
[GitLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab) and [SourceForge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge) (owned by
[Slashdot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot)) reported that they had seen spikes in new users intending to migrate
projects from GitHub to their respective services.[[54]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
atlassian-10reasons-54)[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-zdnet-
rivalsgain-55)[[56]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-56)[[57]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-57)[[58]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-58)
In September 2019, GitHub acquired [Semmle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semmle), a code analysis tool. [59] In
February 2020, GitHub launched in India under the name GitHub India Private Limited.
In March 2020, GitHub announced that it was acquiring.
[[60]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-60)[npm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm_(software)), a JavaScript packaging
vendor, for an undisclosed sum of money.
The deal was closed on April 15, 2020.
[[61]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-61)
[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-62)In early July 2020, the GitHub Archive Program was established to archive
its open-source code in perpetuity.[[63]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-blog-63)
Mascot.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=7)]
GitHub's [mascot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascot) is Mona, [64] an.
[anthropomorphized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphized)"octocat" with five.
[octopus-like arms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod_limb).
[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Octodex_FAQ-65)The character was created by graphic designer.
[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Jaramillo-66)[Simon Oxley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Oxley)as.
[clip art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clip_art)to sell on.
[iStock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IStock),
a website that enables designers to market.
[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-67)[royalty-free](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty-free)
[digital images](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image). The illustration GitHub chose was a character that Oxley
had named Octopuss.
Since GitHub wanted Octopuss for their logo (a use that the iStock license disallows), they negotiated with Oxley to buy
exclusive rights to the image.
[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-67)
[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-67)GitHub renamed Octopuss to Octocat, [67] and trademarked the
character along with the new name.
Later, GitHub hired illustrator Cameron McEfee to adapt Octocat for different purposes on the website and promotional
materials; McEfee and various GitHub users have since created hundreds of variations of the character, which are
available on.
[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Octodex_FAQ-65)[The Octodex](https://octodex.github.com/).
[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-McEfee-68)
[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-69)Services.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=8)]
Projects on GitHub can be accessed and managed using the standard [Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) command-line
interface; all standard Git commands work with it. GitHub also allows users to browse public
[repositories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_repository) on the site. Multiple desktop clients and Git
[plugins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)) are also available. In addition, the site provides [social
networking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking)-like functions such as feeds, followers, wikis (using [wiki
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_software) called [Gollum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gollum_Wiki)), and
a [social network graph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaboration_graph) to display how developers work on their
versions ("[forks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development))") of a repository and what fork (and
branch within that fork) is newest.
Anyone can browse and download public repositories, but only registered users can contribute content to repositories.
With a registered user account, users can have discussions, manage repositories, submit contributions to others'
repositories, and [review changes to code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_review). GitHub began offering limited
private repositories at no cost in January 2019 (limited to three contributors per project). Previously, only public
repositories were free.[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-70)[[71]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-71) [72]
On April 14, 2020, GitHub made "all of the core GitHub features" free for everyone, including "private repositories with
unlimited collaborators."
[[73]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-73)The fundamental software that underpins GitHub is
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) itself, written by [Linus
Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds), creator of Linux. The additional software that provides the
GitHub user interface was written using [Ruby on Rails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails) and
[Erlang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)) by GitHub, Inc. developers Wanstrath, [74] Hyett,
and Preston-Werner.
Scope.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=9)]
The primary purpose of GitHub is to facilitate the [version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control) and
[issue tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issue_tracking_system) aspects of software development. Labels,
milestones, responsibility assignment, and a search engine are available for issue tracking. For version control, Git
(and, by extension, GitHub) allows [pull requests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull_request) to propose changes to the
source code. Users who can review the proposed changes can see a diff between the requested changes and approve them. In
Git terminology, this action is called "committing" and one instance of it is a "commit." A history of all commits is
kept and can be viewed at a later time.
In addition, GitHub supports the following formats and features:
- Documentation,
including automatically
rendered[[75]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-75)[README](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/README)files in a variety
of[Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown)-like file formats (see[README § On
GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/README#On_GitHub)) [Wikis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikis),with some
repositories consisting solely of wiki content. These include curated lists of recommended software which have become
known as awesome
lists.[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-76)[[77]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-77)[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-78)[GitHub
Codespaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Codespaces), an[online
IDE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_IDE)providing users with a virtual machine intended to be a work environment
to build and test
code[[79]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-79)[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-80)[[81]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-81)-
Graphs: pulse, contributors, commits, code frequency, punch card, network, members.
- Integrations Directory.
[[82]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-82) - Email notifications.
[[83]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-83) - Discussions.
[[84]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-84) - Option to subscribe someone to notifications by.
[@ mentioning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mention_(blogging))them.[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-85)
[Emojis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji)[[86]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-86)- Nested.
[task-lists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_do_list)within files - Visualization of.
[geospatial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatial_analysis)data - 3D render files can be previewed using an
integrated STL file viewer that displays the files on a "3D canvas."
The viewer is powered
by[[87]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3d-87)[WebGL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebGL)and[Three.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three.js).
- Support for previewing many common image formats, including Photoshop's PSD files.
- PDF document viewer.
- Security Alerts of known.
[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)in different
packages.
GitHub's Terms of Service do not require public software projects hosted on GitHub to meet the [Open Source
Definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Definition). The [terms of
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_service) state, "By setting your repositories to be viewed publicly, you
agree to allow others to view and fork your repositories."[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-88)
GitHub Enterprise.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=10)]
GitHub Enterprise is a self-managed version of GitHub with similar functionality. It can be run on an organization's
hardware or a cloud provider and has been available as of November
2011.[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit) [89] In November 2020, source code for
GitHub Enterprise Server was leaked online in an apparent protest against DMCA takedown of.
[youtube-dl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube-dl). According to GitHub, the source code came from GitHub
accidentally sharing the code with Enterprise customers themselves, not from an attack on GitHub servers.
[[90]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-90)
[[91]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-91)GitHub Pages.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=11)]
In 2008, GitHub introduced GitHub Pages, a [static](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_web_page) [web hosting
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service) for [blogs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog), project
documentation,[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-92) [93] and books.
All GitHub Pages content is stored in a Git repository as files served to visitors verbatim or in.
[[94]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-94)[Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Flavored_Markdown)format.
GitHub is integrated with.
[Jekyll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jekyll_(software))static website and blog generator and GitHub continuous
integration pipelines. Each time the content source is updated, Jekyll regenerates the website and automatically serves
it via GitHub Pages infrastructure.
[[95]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-95)Like the rest of GitHub, it includes free and paid service tiers. Websites
generated through this service are hosted either as [subdomains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdomain) of the
github.io domain or can be connected to custom [domains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name) bought through a
third-party [domain name registrar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_registrar). [96] GitHub Pages supports
HTTPS encryption.
[[97]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-97)
[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-98)GitHub Actions.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=12)]
GitHub Actions was officially launched on November 13, 2019. It was first announced in October 2018 at GitHub Universe
as a way to automate workflows, but the full general availability (GA) release came a year later in 2019. GitHub
Actions, [99] which allows building.
[continuous integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration)and.
[continuous deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_deployment)pipelines for testing, releasing and
deploying software without the use of third-party websites/platforms. Unlike many other CI/CD tools, GitHub Actions
launched with a marketplace where developers could share and reuse prebuilt actions (e.g., testing, linting,
deployments). GitHub wanted to reduce reliance on third-party services and keep developers within the GitHub ecosystem.
GitHub Actions provided hosted runners (Linux, Windows, macOS) that could dynamically scale, eliminating the need for
self-managed build servers.
Gist.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=13)]
GitHub also operates a [pastebin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin)-style site called Gist, which is for [code
snippets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snippet_(programming)), as opposed to GitHub proper, which is usually used for
larger projects. [15] Tom Preston-Werner débuted the feature at a Ruby conference in 2008.
[[100]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-100)Gist builds on the traditional simple concept of a
[pastebin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin) by adding version control for code snippets, easy forking, and [TLS
encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security) for private pastes. Because each "gist" is its own
Git repository, multiple code snippets can be contained in a single page, and they can be pushed and pulled using
Git.[[101]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-101)
Unregistered users could upload Gists until March 19, 2018, when uploading Gists was restricted to logged-in users,
reportedly to mitigate [spamming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamming) on the page of recent
Gists.[[102]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-102)
Gists' [URLs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL) use hexadecimal IDs, and edits to Gists are recorded in a [revision
history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control), which can show the text difference of thirty revisions per page
with an option between a "split" and "unified" view. Like repositories, Gists can be forked, "starred", i.e., publicly
bookmarked, and commented on. The count of revisions, stars, and forks is indicated on the gist
page.[[103]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-103)
Education program.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=14)]
GitHub launched a new program called the GitHub Student Developer Pack to give students free access to more than a dozen
popular development tools and services. GitHub partnered with [Bitnami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitnami),
[Crowdflower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdflower), [DigitalOcean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigitalOcean),
DNSimple, [HackHands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HackHands), [Namecheap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namecheap),
Orchestrate, Screenhero, [SendGrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SendGrid),
[Stripe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripe_(company)), [Travis CI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI), and
[Unreal Engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine) to launch the
program.[[104]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-104)
In 2016, GitHub announced the launch of the GitHub Campus Experts program [105] to train and encourage students to grow
technology communities at their universities. The Campus Experts program is open to university students 18 years and
older worldwide.
GitHub Campus Experts are one of the primary ways that GitHub funds student-oriented events and communities, Campus
Experts are given access to training, funding, and additional resources to run events and grow their communities. To
become a Campus Expert, applicants must complete an online training course with multiple modules to develop community
leadership skills.
[[106]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-106)GitHub Marketplace service.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=15)]
GitHub also provides some [software as a service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service) (SaaS)
integrations for adding extra features to projects. Those services include:
- Waffle.io: project management for software teams, which allows users to automatically see pull requests, automated
builds, reviews, and deployments across repositories.
[[107]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-107) - Rollbar: provides real-time debugging tools and full-stack exception
reporting.
[[108]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-108)[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-109) - Codebeat: automated
code analysis for web and mobile developers.
[][citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) [Travis
CI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI):[continuous
integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration)service.[][citation
needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)- GitLocalize: provides utilities to manage project
translation and internationalisation.
[][citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)
GitHub Sponsors.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=16)]
GitHub Sponsors allows users to make monthly money donations to projects hosted on GitHub. [110] The public beta was
announced on May 23, 2019, and the project accepts waitlist registrations.
[The Verge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Verge)said that GitHub Sponsors "works exactly like.
[Patreon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patreon)" because "developers can offer various funding tiers that come with
different perks, and they'll receive recurring payments from supporters who want to access them and encourage their
work" except with "zero fees to use the program." Furthermore, GitHub offers incentives for early adopters during the
first year: it pledges to cover payment processing costs and match sponsorship payments up to $5,000 per developer.
Furthermore, users can still use similar services like Patreon and Open Collective and link to their websites.
[[111]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-111)
[[112]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-112)GitHub Copilot.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=17)]
GitHub Copilot was one of the first widely adopted [AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI)-assisted software development
tools. The preview launched in 2021 for [VSCode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSCode) users and was based on [Open
AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_AI)'s Codex model.
GitHub Copilot is now available to use on GitHub.com directly, on the [command
line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_line), as well as in several
[IDEs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment). Users are able to choose from a range of
[LLMs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LLM) for some features.
GitHub Archive Program.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=18)]
In July 2020, GitHub stored a February archive of the site [63] in an abandoned mountain mine in.
[Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard), Norway, part of the.
[Arctic World Archive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_World_Archive)and not far from the.
[Svalbard Global Seed Vault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard_Global_Seed_Vault). The archive contained the code
of all active public repositories, as well as that of dormant but significant public repositories. The 21.
[TB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabyte)of data was stored on.
piqlFilmarchival film reels as.
[matrix (2D) barcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode#Matrix_(2D)_barcodes)(
[Boxing barcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_barcode)), and is expected to last 500–1,000 years.
[[113]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-113)
[[114]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-114)
[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-115)
[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-buried-116)The GitHub Archive Program is also working with partners on
Project Silica, in an attempt to store all public repositories for 10,000 years. It aims to write archives into the
molecular structure of [quartz glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_glass) platters, using a high-precision
[petahertz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petahertz) pulse laser, i.e. one that pulses a
[quadrillion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrillion) (1,000,000,000,000,000) times per
second.[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-buried-116)
Controversies.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=19)]
Harassment allegations.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=20)]
In March 2014, GitHub programmer Julie Ann Horvath alleged that founder and CEO Tom Preston-Werner engaged in a pattern
of [harassment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harassment) against her that led to her leaving the company. [117] In
April 2014, GitHub released a statement denying Horvath's allegations.
[[118]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-118)
[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-NYTResigns-119)However, following an internal investigation, GitHub confirmed
the claims. GitHub's CEO Chris Wanstrath wrote on the company blog, "The investigation found Tom Preston-Werner in his
capacity as GitHub's CEO acted inappropriately, including confrontational conduct, disregard of workplace complaints,
insensitivity to the impact of his spouse's presence in the workplace, and failure to enforce an agreement that his
spouse should not work in the office."
[[120]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-120)Preston-Werner subsequently resigned from the company.
[[121]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Follow_up_to_the_investigation_results-121)The firm then announced it would
implement new initiatives and trainings "to make sure employee concerns and conflicts are taken seriously and dealt with
appropriately."
[[122]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:0-122)
[[122]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:0-122)Sanctions.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=21)]
On July 25, 2019, a developer based in Iran wrote on [Medium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_(website)) that
GitHub had blocked his private repositories and prohibited access to GitHub pages. [123] Soon after, GitHub confirmed
that it was now blocking developers in.
[Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran),
[Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea),
[Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba),
[North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea), and.
[Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria)from accessing private repositories.
However, GitHub reopened access to GitHub Pages days later, for public repositories regardless of location. It was also
revealed that using GitHub while visiting sanctioned countries could result in similar actions occurring on a user's
account. GitHub responded to complaints and the media through a spokesperson, saying:
[[124]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-124)GitHub is subject to US trade control laws, and is committed to full
compliance with applicable law. At the same time, GitHub's vision is to be the global platform for.
[developer]collaboration, no matter where developers reside. As a result, we take seriously our responsibility to
examine government mandates thoroughly to be certain that users and customers are not impacted beyond what is required
by law. This includes keeping public repositories services, including those for open source projects, available and
accessible to support personal communications involving developers in sanctioned regions.[[125]][[126]]
Developers who feel that they should not have restrictions can appeal for the removal of said restrictions, including
those who only travel to, and do not reside in, those countries. GitHub has forbidden the use of
[VPNs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network) and [IP
proxies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server) to access the site from sanctioned countries, as purchase history
and IP addresses are how they flag users, among other sources.[[127]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-127)
Censorship.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=22)]
On December 4, 2014, Russia blacklisted GitHub.com because GitHub initially refused to take down user-posted suicide
manuals. [128] After a day, Russia withdrew its block,
and GitHub began blocking specific content and pages in Russia.
[[129]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-129)On December 31, 2014, India blocked GitHub.com along with 31 other
websites over pro-
[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-130)[ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS)content posted by users;
the block was lifted three days later.
[[131]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-131)On October 8, 2016, Turkey blocked GitHub to prevent email leakage of a
hacked account belonging to the country's energy minister.
[[132]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-132)
[[133]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-133)On March 26, 2015, a large-scale
[DDoS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDoS) attack was launched against GitHub.com that lasted for just under five days.
[134] The attack, which appeared to originate from China, primarily targeted GitHub-hosted user content describing
methods of.
[circumventing Internet censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_circumvention).
[[135]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-135)
[[136]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-136)
[[137]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-137)On April 19, 2020, Chinese police detained Chen Mei and Cai Wei
(volunteers for Terminus 2049, a project hosted on GitHub), and accused them of "picking quarrels and provoking
trouble." Cai and Chen archived news articles, interviews, and other materials published on Chinese media outlets and
social media platforms that have been removed by censors in China.[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-138)
ICE contract.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=23)]
GitHub has a $200,000 contract with [U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement) (ICE) for the use of their on-site
product GitHub Enterprise Server. This contract was renewed in 2019, despite internal opposition from many GitHub
employees. In an email sent to employees, later posted to the GitHub blog on October 9, 2019, CEO [Nat
Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman) stated, "The revenue from the purchase is less than $200,000 and
not financially material for our company." He announced that GitHub had pledged to donate $500,000 to "nonprofit groups
supporting immigrant communities targeted by [the current
administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump)." [139] In response, at least 150 GitHub
employees signed an open letter re-stating their opposition to the contract, and denouncing alleged human rights abuses
by ICE. As of November 13, 2019,
five workers had resigned over the contract.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)
[[140]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-140)
[[141]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-141)
[[142]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-142)The ICE contract dispute came into focus again in June 2020 due to the
company's decision [to abandon "master/slave" branch
terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_(technology)#Controversy), spurred by the George Floyd
protests and [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) movement. [143] Detractors of GitHub
describe the branch renaming to be a form of.
[performative activism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performative_activism)and have urged GitHub to cancel their ICE
contract instead.
An open letter from members of the open source community was shared on GitHub in December 2019, demanding that the
company drop its contract with ICE and provide more transparency into how they conduct business and partnerships. The
letter has been signed by more than 700 people.
[[144]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-144)
[[145]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-145)Capitol riot comments and employee firing.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=24)]
In January 2021, GitHub fired one of its employees after he expressed concern for colleagues following the [January 6
United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack), calling some of the
rioters "[Nazis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazism)". [146] After an investigation, GitHub's COO said there were
"significant errors of judgment and procedure" with the company's decision to fire the employee. As a result of the
investigation, GitHub reached out to the employee, and the company's head of human resources resigned.
[[147]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-147)
[[148]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-148)Twitter source code leak.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=25)]
In 2023, parts of the social media platform [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) were uploaded onto GitHub.
The leak was first reported by the New York Times and was part of a legal filing Twitter submitted to the [United States
District Court for the Northern District of
California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California). Twitter
claimed that the postings infringed on copyright property owned by them, and asked the court for information to identify
the user who posted the source code to GitHub, under the username
"FreeSpeechEnthusiast".[[149]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-149)
Reception.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=26)]
In 2012, [Linus Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds), the original developer of Git, highly praised
GitHub, stating, "The hosting of github [ sic] is excellent. They've done a good job on that. I think GitHub should be
commended enormously for making open source project hosting so easy." However, he also sharply criticized the
implementation of GitHub's merging interface, saying, "Git comes with a nice pull-request generation module, but GitHub
instead decided to replace it with their own totally inferior version. As a result, I consider GitHub useless for these
kinds of things. It's fine for hosting, but the pull requests and the online commit editing, are just pure garbage."
[[150]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-150)
[[151]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-151)See also.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=27)]
[Collaborative innovation network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_innovation_network)[Collaborative
intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_intelligence)[Commons-based peer
production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production)[Comparison of source code hosting
facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_source_code_hosting_facilities)[DevOps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DevOps)[Gitea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitea)[GitLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab)[Codeberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeberg)[Timeline
of GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_GitHub)[GitHub
Copilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Copilot)[Replit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replit)
References.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=28)]
[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-1)["New Year, New Company"](https://github.com/blog/589-new-year-new-
company).GitHub.- ^
ab["Microsoft says GitHub now has a $1B ARR, 90M active users"](https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/25/microsoft-says-github-
now-has-a-1b-arr-90m-active-users/).. October 25,
2022.[TechCrunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechCrunch)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230314070710/https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/25/microsoft-
says-github-now-has-a-1b-arr-90m-active-users/)from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-3)["GitHub
Diversity"](https://github.com/about/diversity/report).GitHub.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042110/https://github.com/about/diversity/report)from
the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-4)["IPv6 support for
cloning Git repositories · community · Discussion #10539"](https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/10539).GitHub.
Retrieved December 29, 2024.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-5)["dig +noquestion +noauthority @2001:4860:4860::8888
AAAA github.com"](https://isgithubipv6.live/detail.txt).isgithubipv6.live. Retrieved December 29, 2024.Muralidharan,
Prakash (May 27, 2025).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-6)["GitHub just crossed 150 million users. But that stat
isn't about scale. It's about signal"](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/github-just-crossed-150-million-users-stat-isnt-
scale-muralidharan-ureke).LinkedIn. Retrieved August 4,
2025.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-7)["GitHub"](https://github.com/github).GitHub.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042029/https://github.com/github)from
the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2020.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-8)["GitHub built a new
search engine for code from scratch in Rust"](https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-builds-a-search-engine-for-code-from-
scratch-in-rust/).. Retrieved April 22, 2023.[ZDnet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZDnet)- ^
aWilliams, Alex.b["Github Pours Energies Into Enterprise Raises 100 Million From Power
VC"](https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/09/github-pours-energies-into-enterprise-raises-100-million-from-power-
vc-/).TechCrunch.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200919130235/https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/09/github-pours-
energies-into-enterprise-raises-100-million-from-power-vc-an/)from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved June
25, 2017.Andreessen Horowitz is investing an eye-popping $100 million into GitHub.
- ^
ab["Microsoft has acquired GitHub for $7.5B in stock"](https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/04/microsoft-has-acquired-github-
for-7-5b-in-microsoft-stock/).TechCrunch. June 4,
2018.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201025091838/https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/04/microsoft-has-acquired-
github-for-7-5b-in-microsoft-stock/)from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-11)["The Problem With Putting All the World's Code in
GitHub"](https://www.wired.com/2015/06/problem-putting-worlds-code-github/).. June 29,
2015.[Wired](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(website))[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150629152927/http://www.wired.com/2015/06/problem-
putting-worlds-code-github/)from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved June 29,
2015.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-12)["Repository search for public
repositories"](https://github.com/search?q=is:public).GitHub.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201105194800/https://github.com/search?q=is:public)from
the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2018.Showing 28,177,992 available repository results.
Computer, Express (October 30, 2024).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-13)["GitHub embraces developer choice with
multi-model copilot, new app tool GitHub Spark, and AI-native developer
experience"](https://www.expresscomputer.in/news/github-embraces-developer-choice-with-multi-model-copilot-new-app-tool-
github-spark-and-ai-native-developer-experience/118154/).Express Computer. Retrieved October 31, 2024.Wanstrath, Chris
(December 7, 2009).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-githubfirstcommit_14-0)["The first commit was on a Friday night
in October, around 10 pm"](https://www.slideshare.net/err/inside-
github/28-2007_octoberThe_rst_commit_was).[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042238/https://www.slideshare.net/err/inside-
github/28-2007_octoberThe_rst_commit_was)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2017.- ^
aCatone, Josh (July 24, 2008).b["GitHub Gist is Pastie on Steroids"](https://www.sitepoint.com/github-gist-is-pastie-on-
steroids/).[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042257/https://www.sitepoint.com/github-gist-is-pastie-on-
steroids/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2018.GitHub hosts about 10,000 projects and
officially launched in April of this year after a beta period of a few months.
[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-16)["Tech Talk: Linus Torvalds on git (at
00:01:30)"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XpnKHJAok8&t=1m30s). May 14,
2007.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151220133030/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XpnKHJAok8&t=1m30s)from the
original on December 20, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2022 – via[YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube).Tomayko,
Ryan (April 2, 2012).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-cto-mgmt-style_17-0)["Show How, Don't Tell What – A
Management Style"](https://tomayko.com/writings/management-
style).[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201209045932/https://tomayko.com/writings/management-style)from the
original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2013.Hardy, Quentin (December 28,
2012).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-nyt_18-0)["Dreams of 'Open'
Everything"](https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/github-has-big-dreams-for-open-source-software-and-
more/?_r=0)..[New York
Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201120014019/https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/github-
has-big-dreams-for-open-source-software-and-more/?_r=0)from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved February 13,
2018.Evelyn, Rusli (July 17, 2014).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-wsj-2014_19-0)["Harassment claims make startup
GitHub grow up"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/harassment-claims-make-startup-github-grow-up-1405639553)..[The Wall
Street
Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190646/https://www.wsj.com/articles/harassment-
claims-make-startup-github-grow-up-1405639553)from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved July 18,
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banned/).The Next Web.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043020/https://thenextweb.com/in/2015/01/02/india-
lifts-blocks-github-vimeo-dailymotion-weebly-others-remain-banned/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved
October 12, 2020.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-133)["Turkey blocked GitHub and Dropbox to hide leaks –
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2016.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043012/https://www.siliconrepublic.com/enterprise/turkey-github-
dropbox-onedrive-recep-tayyip-erdogan)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 11,
2016.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-134)["Large Scale DDoS Attack on
github.com"](https://github.com/blog/1981-large-scale-ddos-attack-on-github-com). GitHub. March 27,
2015.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150328034203/https://github.com/blog/1981-large-scale-ddos-attack-on-
github-com)from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved March 31,
2015.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-135)["Last night, GitHub was hit with massive denial-of-service attack from
China"](https://www.theverge.com/2015/3/27/8299555/github-china-ddos-censorship-great-firewall).. March 27, 2015.[The
Verge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Verge)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043021/https://www.theverge.com/2015/3/27/8299555/github-
china-ddos-censorship-great-firewall)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 27,
2015.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-136)["U.S. Coding Website GitHub Hit With
Cyberattack"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-coding-website-github-hit-with-cyberattack-1427638940).. March 29,
2015.[The Wall Street
Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043011/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-
coding-website-github-hit-with-cyberattack-1427638940)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 29,
2015.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-137)["Massive denial-of-service attack on GitHub tied to Chinese
government"](https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-
government/).. March 31, 2015.[Ars
Technica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_Technica)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043017/https://arstechnica.com/information-
technology/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government/)from the original on March 22,
2021. Retrieved April 1, 2015.Human Rights Watch (April 27, 2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-138)["China:
Free Covid-19 Activists, 'Citizen
Journalists'"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200827224311/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/27/china-free-
covid-19-activists-citizen-journalists). Archived from[the original](https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/27/china-free-
covid-19-activists-citizen-journalists)on August 27, 2020. Retrieved August 27,
2020.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-139)["GitHub and US Government
developers"](https://github.blog/2019-10-09-github-and-us-government-developers/).The GitHub Blog. GitHub. October 9,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042959/https://github.blog/2019-10-09-github-and-us-government-
developers/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 10,
2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-140)["As GitHub's Conference Begins, Five Employees Resign Over ICE
Contract"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/as-githubs-conference-begins-five-employees-resign-over-protest-ice-
contract/).Vice. November 13,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043012/https://www.vice.com/en/article/evjwwp/as-githubs-conference-
begins-five-employees-resign-over-protest-ice-contract)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 15,
2019.Ghaffary, Shirin (October 9, 2019).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-141)["GitHub is the latest tech company to
face controversy over its contracts with ICE"](https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/10/9/20906605/github-ice-contract-
immigration-ice-dan-
friedman).Vox.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043021/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/10/9/20906605/github-
ice-contract-immigration-ice-dan-friedman)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 15,
2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-142)["Letter from GitHub employees to CEO about the company's ICE
contract"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/letter-from-github-employees-to-ceo-about-the-company-s-ice-
contract/fb280de9-2bc3-40d5-b1a5-e3b954bf0d25/).The Washington Post. October 9,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043039/https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/letter-from-github-
employees-to-ceo-about-the-company-s-ice-contract/fb280de9-2bc3-40d5-b1a5-e3b954bf0d25/)from the original on March 22,
2021. Retrieved November 15, 2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-143)["GitHub abandons 'master' term to avoid
slavery row"](https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53050955).BBC News. June 15,
2020.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043006/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53050955)from the
original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2020.Hussain, Suhauna; Bhuiyan, Johana (June 13,
2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-144)["After GitHub CEO backs Black Lives Matter, workers demand an end to
ICE contract"](https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-06-12/github-ceo-black-lives-matter-employees-
demand-end-ice-contract).Los Angeles
Times.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043014/https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-06-12/github-
ceo-black-lives-matter-employees-demand-end-ice-contract)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved July 1,
2020.Truong, Kevin (July 20, 2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-145)["The Open Source Community Is Calling on
Github to 'Drop ICE'"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/open-source-community-changing-github-avatars-drop-
ice/).Vice.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043019/https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7jpgy/open-source-
community-changing-github-avatars-drop-ice)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2020.Chan, Rosalie
(January 12, 2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-146)["EXCLUSIVE: GitHub is facing employee backlash after the
firing of a Jewish employee who suggested 'Nazis are about' on the day of the US Capitol
siege"](https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-github-backlash-jewish-employee-termination-2021-1).Business
Insider.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043002/https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-github-backlash-
jewish-employee-termination-2021-1)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.Dickey, Megan Rose
(January 15, 2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-147)["Fired GitHub employee who warned co-workers about Nazis
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seeking-legal-
counsel/).TechCrunch.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043026/https://techcrunch.com/2021/01/15/fired-
github-employee-who-warned-coworkers-about-nazis-is-seeking-legal-counsel/)from the original on March 22, 2021.
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of HR resigns after investigation into firing of Jewish employee over Capitol riot
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CNBC.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210118091024/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/17/github-hr-head-resigns-after-
investigation-of-firing-jewish-employee.html)from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 18,
2021.D'Innocenzio, Anne (March 27, 2023).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-149)["Twitter hunts Github user who
posted source code online"](https://apnews.com/article/twitter-source-code-github-
leak-3e79927806911f9ee112b0383b51102a). AP News. Retrieved March 27, 2023.McMillan, Robert (May 11,
2012).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-150)["Linus Torvalds Invented Git, But He Pulls No Patches With
GitHub"](https://www.wired.com/2012/05/torvalds-
github/).Wired.[ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier))[1059-1028](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028).[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211205182545/https://www.wired.com/2012/05/torvalds-
github/)from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2022.Tim Anderson (September 6,
2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-151)["GitHub merges 'useless garbage' says Linus Torvalds as new NTFS
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the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
External links.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=29)]
[Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata)has the property:
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(see[GitHub username
(P2037)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P2037)[uses](https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP2037%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P2037%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000))
[GitHub](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GitHub).
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category):
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providers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing_providers)[Collaborative
projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Collaborative_projects)[Computing
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software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cross-platform_software)[Internet properties established in
2008](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Internet_properties_established_in_2008)[Microsoft
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companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Remote_companies)[Git repository hosting
websites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Git_repository_hosting_websites)

Download json

Analyse
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      "Robert.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-129)[\"Russia",
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}

Download json

Link github__Launch__github_pages

  • from : github

  • label : Launch

  • sources : github_pages

  • to : github_pages

Event github_pages_quickstart

Source github_pages_quickstart

Text

Title : Quickstart for GitHub Pages - GitHub Docs

Excerpt : You can use GitHub Pages to showcase some open source projects, host a blog, or even share your résumé. This guide will help get you started on creating your next website.

[Introduction](https://docs-internal.github.com#introduction)
In this guide, you'll create a user site at <username>.github.io.
.
[Creating your website](https://docs-internal.github.com#creating-your-website)
-
In the upper-right corner of any page, select , then click.
New repository. -
Enter.
username.github.io.
as the repository name. Replaceusername.
with your GitHub username. For example, if your username isoctocat.
, the repository name should beoctocat.github.io.
. -
Choose a repository visibility. For more information, see.
[About repositories](https://docs-internal.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/about-
repositories#about-repository-visibility). -
Select.
Initialize this repository with a README. -
Click.
Create repository. -
Under your repository name, click.
Settings. If you cannot see the "Settings" tab, select the dropdown menu, then clickSettings. -
In the "Code and automation" section of the sidebar, click.
Pages. -
Under "Build and deployment", under "Source", select.
Deploy from a branch. -
Under "Build and deployment", under "Branch", use the branch dropdown menu and select a publishing source.
-
Optionally, open the.
README.md.
file of your repository. TheREADME.md.
file is where you will write the content for your site. You can edit the file or keep the default content for now. -
Visit.
username.github.io.
to view your new website. Note that it can take up to 10 minutes for changes to your site to publish after you push the
changes to GitHub.
[Changing the title and description](https://docs-internal.github.com#changing-the-title-and-description)
By default, the title of your site is username.github.io.
. You can change the title by editing the _config.yml.
file in your repository. You can also add a description for your site.
-
Click the.
Codetab of your repository. -
In the file list, click.
_config.yml.
to open the file. -
Click to edit the file.
-
The.
_config.yml.
file already contains a line that specifies the theme for your site. Add a new line withtitle:
followed by the title you want. Add a new line withdescription:
followed by the description you want. For example:theme: jekyll-theme-minimal title: Octocat's homepage description:
Bookmark this to keep an eye on my project updates!
-
When you are finished editing the file, click.
Commit changes.
[Next Steps](https://docs-internal.github.com#next-steps)
You've successfully created, personalized, and published your first GitHub Pages website but there's so much more to
explore! Here are some helpful resources for taking your next steps with GitHub Pages:
[Adding content to your GitHub Pages site using Jekyll](https://docs-internal.github.com/en/pages/setting-up-a-github-
pages-site-with-jekyll/adding-content-to-your-github-pages-site-using-jekyll#about-content-in-jekyll-sites): This guide
explains how to add additional pages to your site.[Configuring a custom domain for your GitHub Pages site](https://docs-
internal.github.com/en/pages/configuring-a-custom-domain-for-your-github-pages-site): You can host your site on
GitHub'sgithub.io.
domain or your own custom domain.

Download json

Analyse
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Download json

Link github__Quickstart__github_pages_quickstart

  • from : github

  • label : Quickstart

  • sources : github_pages_quickstart

  • to : github_pages_quickstart

Quote github_pages_quickstart__Refer to__github_pages

  • label : Refer to

  • from : github_pages_quickstart

  • to : github_pages

Event github_universe_2025

  • label : GitHubnUniverse 2025

  • description : GitHub Universe 2025 - October 28-29 - San Francisco, CA

  • source :

  • from : github

  • from-label : Organize

  • from-begin : 2025-10-28

  • from-end : 2025-10-29

  • url : https://githubuniverse.com/ (local)

GitHub’s two-day developer event celebrating innovation, collaboration, and the boundless potential of AI-powered development.

Source github_universe_2025

Text

Title : GitHub Universe

Excerpt : GitHub's global developer event is back. Join the world's fair of software.

October 28-29.
San Francisco, CA.
In-person and virtual.
GitHub’s two-day developer event celebrating innovation, collaboration, and the boundless potential of AI-powered
development.
[Get passes](/pricing)
Video showing highlights from last year’s GitHub Universe at Fort Mason Center, including keynote speakers on stage,
attendees exploring interactive exhibits, and the vibrant Demos and Donuts wall.
Universe is where.
dreamers become.
builders.
Here’s what you’ll enjoy.
- BE WITH YOUR PEOPLE.
Connect with like-minded developers, network with your open source heroes, and meet tech leaders you can stay in touch
with long after the event is over.
- LEARN SOMETHING NEW.
Explore AI agents, automation, and tools that can bring your ideas to life in the format that works best for you—through
workshops, panels, interactive product demos, and more.
- HEAR THE LATEST.
There’s something a little magical about discovering new products and features the moment they’re released—and that’s
what you’ll get at GitHub Universe.
- REVEL IN THE PERKS.
Yeah, GitHub Universe is really fun (especially when it’s wonderland-themed!). Expect surprises and interactive
experiences like the Makerspace and Open Source Zone.
Save your seat.
Sold out: Super Early Bird ($700 off)
May 13 to July 8Save $400 while supplies last during Early Bird.
Now to Sept 8Full price until sold out.
Sept 9.
General admission pass.
Get full access to sessions, partner showcases, all day eats, and more. Lock in your spot before we sell out.
$1099$1,499 USD per passSave $400 with Early Bird until September 8.
What's included.
- Access to sessions, panels, demos.
- Get certified in Security, GitHub Copilot, and more.
- Chat with GitHub experts.
- Networking opportunities.
- A programmable badge.
- Partner showcases.
- Breakfast, lunch, snacks, and drinks.
- Access to exclusive merch at The GitHub Shop.
Virtual pass.
Join the global developer community online. Watch keynotes live and catch available sessions on-demand.
FreeAlways.
What's included.
- Full access to live-streamed keynotes and content.
- Full access to recorded sessions once they’re available.
Come as a crew.
It’s more fun (and productive) with your people.
$824$1,099 USD per passGet an extra 25% off when you buy 3 or more passes.
What's included.
- Access to sessions, panels, demos.
- Get certified in Security, GitHub Copilot, and more.
- Chat with GitHub experts.
- Networking opportunities.
- A programmable badge.
- Partner showcases.
- Breakfast, lunch, snacks, and drinks.
- Access to exclusive merch at The GitHub Shop.
Bring your team.
Build momentum together at Universe.
$714$1,099 USD per passGet 35% off when you buy 8 or more passes.
What's included.
- Access to sessions, panels, demos.
- Get certified in Security, GitHub Copilot, and more.
- Chat with GitHub experts.
- Networking opportunities.
- A programmable badge.
- Partner showcases.
- Breakfast, lunch, snacks, and drinks.
- Access to exclusive merch at The GitHub Shop.
Ready to attend GitHub Universe?
Make the case with a customizable email template.[Convince your manager](/convince)
Get a sneak peek of the speakers.
Agenda.
[Sign up for updates](#signup)
Oct 27: Day 00.
- Invite-only special programming.
If you're on the list, we’ll be in touch soon!
Oct 28: Day 01.
- Doors open at Fort Mason Center.
Pick up your badge, breakfast, and your favorite morning beverage.
- Sessions, demos, and surprises.
Keynote, sessions, demos & donuts, interactive experiences, The Shop, and more.
- Optional evening events.
Join GitHub and our partners at a selection of evening events.
Oct 29: Day 02.
- Doors open at Fort Mason Center.
Grab breakfast, your favorite drink, and reconnect with friends you made on day 1.
- Sessions, demos, and surprises.
Keynote, sessions, demos & donuts, interactive experiences, The Shop, and more.
- Universe sessions end.
It’s not “goodbye” but “see you next year!”.
Oct 30: Day 03.
- GitHub Certification testing.
Sign up to take an on-site GitHub certification exam, included with your in-person pass.
Browse last year’s sessions.
Your story starts here.
FAQ.
Where and when is Universe?
Where and when. Universe will take place on October 28 - 29, 2025 at [Fort Mason Center for Arts &
Culture](https://fortmason.org/) in San Francisco, CA. Broadcast times and schedule will be announced in September.
Are there sponsorship opportunities for GitHub Universe?
We have a limited number of sponsorship opportunities available for GitHub Universe. To learn more, visit [event-
sponsorship.github.com](http://event-sponsorship.github.com/) or email us at
[eventsponsorship@github.com](mailto:eventsponsorship@github.com).
I’m traveling from outside the US. Can you help with my VISA application?
You can find information on our visa request process and [visa specific
FAQ's](https://static.rainfocus.com/github/universe25/static/staticfile/staticfile/Universe%202025%20VISA%20FAQ%27s_1746041547322001puFM.pdf).
How long will registration remain open?
Registration opens May 13 and will remain open until passes sell out. Be sure to grab your ticket early to take
advantage of discounted pricing — standard rates go into effect in early September. Early Bird passes will sell out!
Do you offer discounted passes or discounted pricing for students and non-profits?
Yes, we offer group discounts for those that want to bring along their teams! If you purchase 3+ passes you’ll receive
25% off each ticket and with 8+ passes you’ll receive 35% off.
We also have a limited number of discounted passes for students and non-profit organizations. Please reach out to
[events@github.com](mailto:events@github.com) for more information.
Are there speaking opportunities at GitHub Universe?
Our Call for Sessions for Universe 2025 is now closed. Keep an eye out early next year for the Universe 2026 Call for
Sessions — we’re always excited to hear new voices and ideas from across the community.
Is there a hotel room block for GitHub Universe?
You bet! We’ve contracted with several hotels in the Fisherman’s Wharf area. Booking links will be available in your
[attendee portal](https://reg.githubuniverse.com/flow/github/universe25/attendee-portal) after you complete registering
for the event.
Which airports are closest to San Francisco?
San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is the closest major airport, an easy BART ride, or a 25-minute drive from
downtown. Alternatively, the Oakland International Airport (OAK) is a 35-minute drive over the Bay Bridge and is also
accessible by BART. Lastly, the San Jose International Airport (SJC) is a one-hour drive from the South Bay, accessible
by Caltrain.
What accessibility resources will be available at Universe?
We’re committed to making Universe as accessible and inclusive as possible. All sessions — with the exception of
Discussion Lounge, Sandbox sessions, and workshops — will have real-time captioning, and our main stage will include
American Sign Language (ASL) interpretation. We’ll also have dedicated onsite spaces for prayer and nursing parents.
Fort Mason is a historic venue that has been retrofitted to meet ADA standards, though some routes may take a bit longer
to navigate due to the layout of the space. If you have any specific accessibility needs or concerns, email us at
[universeaccessibility@github.com](mailto:universeaccessibility@github.com) — we’re here to help.
Where can I find information about and make adjustments to my registration details?
You can download a copy of your receipt and make modifications to your details (including pass cancellation) in your
registration profile in the [attendee portal](https://reg.githubuniverse.com/flow/github/universe25/attendee-portal). If
you would like a confirmation email, please email: [events@github.com](mailto:events@github.com).
Who should I contact if I have special dietary needs or allergies?
We do our best to accommodate a wide range of dietary needs across all meals and snacks and will have options for vegan,
vegetarian, gluten-free, and dairy-free attendees. If you have a specific allergy or concern outside of this, email us
at [events@github.com](mailto:events@github.com) and we’ll do our best to support you.
What policies should I be aware of as an attendee?
When registering for this event, you will be asked to agree to our Event Terms and Conditions. You can preview these
terms before registering [here](https://docs.github.com/en/site-policy/github-terms/github-event-terms).
Have a specific question that you didn’t find here?
Email your question to us at [events@github.com](mailto:events@github.com).
Experience the developer wonderland.
[Get passes](/pricing)

Download json

Analyse
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    "sentiment_general": "Positive",
    "polarite": 0.187,
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}

Download json

Link github__Organize__github_universe_2025

  • from : github

  • label : Organize

  • begin : 2025-10-28

  • end : 2025-10-29

  • sources : github_universe_2025

  • to : github_universe_2025

Ident Thomas_Dohmke

  • label : Thomas Dohmke

  • source :

  • cats : other

  • orgs : github

  • local : Thomas_Dohmke.pdf (local)

He loves building products that make developers' lives easier

Source Thomas_Dohmke

  • local : Thomas_Dohmke.pdf (local)

  • orgs : github

  • cats : other

  • sources : Thomas_Dohmke

  • label : Thomas_Dohmke

Text
GitHub.
6 ans 10 mois.
Systems Engineer.
DaimlerChryslersept. 2002 - déc. 2006 · 4 ans 4 moisStuttgart Area, Germany.
    I designed and implemented control systems for various advanced driver assistance systems like Brake Assist Plus,
Pre-Safe Break, and Active Parking Assist. Brake Assist Plus and Pre-Safe Break were marquee features of the 2005
S-Class (W221) and 2006 CL-Class (C216).
    New to the S-Class: the PRE-SAFE brake.
      The new PRE-SAFE® brake from Mercedes-Benz represents a further milestone in car safety. The only system of its
kind in the world, it automatically brakes the car before an impending rear-end collision. As a result, the PRE-SAFE®
brake, in collaboration with Brake Assist PLUS, is able to prevent the collision or significantly reduce the severity of
the accident.
 Founder & CEO.
ToDoSoftjanv. 1998 - août 2002 · 4 ans 8 moisBerlin, Germany.
    In my first company, we developed insurance software for Windows helping insurance agents to calculate prices for
various insurance products. We sold our software to more than 1,500 insurance agents in Germany and later also offered
web hosting and online insurance calculation.
    Chief Executive Officer.
      Temps pleinnov. 2021 - aujourd’hui · 3 ans 9 mois.
              Everything new from GitHub Universe 2022.
    Chief Product Officer.
      août 2021 - nov. 2021 · 4 mois.
    Vice President, Strategic Programs.
      oct. 2018 - août 2021 · 2 ans 11 moisGreater Seattle Area.
              GitHub is now free for teams.
              Every developer and team can now get private repositories with unlimited collaborators at no cost with
GitHub Free, and we reduced prices for some of our paid plans.
              npm is joining GitHub - The GitHub Blog.
              We're excited to announce that npm will be joining GitHub.
              GitHub Arctic Code Vault.
              The GitHub Arctic Code Vault is a data repository preserved in the Arctic World Archive (AWA), a very-
long-term archival facility 250 meters deep in the perm...
          Afficher les 5 médias.
Board Member.
Spice AIsept. 2022 - aujourd’hui · 2 ans 11 mois.
Microsoft.
3 ans 7 moisRedmond, WA, USA.
    Principal Director of PM.
      mars 2018 - oct. 2018 · 8 mois.
              Microsoft closes its $7.5B purchase of code-sharing platform GitHub.
              After getting EU approval a week ago, today Microsoft’s acquisition of GitHub, the Git-based code sharing
and collaboration service with 31 million developers, has officially closed. The Redmond, WA-based software behemoth
first said it would acquire...
              Pull request successfully merged. Starting build….
              With the Microsoft acquisition of GitHub complete, Nat Friedman joins as CEO.
              Microsoft brings its Visual Studio App Center lifecycle management tool to GitHub.
              Microsoft is now partnering with GitHub to make Visual Studio App Center natively available in GitHub
through the GitHub marketplace.
    Principal Group PM Manager.
      mars 2017 - mars 2018 · 1 an 1 mois.
              Meet Visual Studio App Center - the future of HockeyApp.
              HockeyApp is the best way to collect live crash reports, get feedback from your users, distribute your
betas, and analyze your test coverage.
    Principal PM Manager.
      avr. 2015 - mars 2017 · 2 ans.
              After Microsoft acquired HockeyApp, I became the manager for the team of program managers. Our product
portfolio included HockeyApp, Visual Studio App Center (the next generation of HockeyApp), Xamarin Test Cloud, CodePush,
and Azure Notification Hubs. My team defined the vision and features for each product, works for design and development
teams on the implementation, and engages with customers to create industry-leading DevOps solutions.
 Co-Founder & CEO.
HockeyApp / Bit Stadium GmbHmars 2011 - mars 2015 · 4 ans 1 moisStuttgart, Germany.
    HockeyApp is the best way to collect live crash reports, get feedback from your users, distribute your betas,
recruit new testers, and analyze your test coverage. Launched in 2011, HockeyApp was one of the first DevOps solutions
for Android, iOS, macOS, and Windows developers, and made mobile developers around the world more productive. I co-
founded HockeyApp together with Andreas Linde, Stefan Haubold, and Michael Simmons, and led the company as the CEO until
the acquisition through Microsoft in December 2014.
    Microsoft Acquires HockeyApp.
      As mobile, cloud, and DevOps continue to transform the application development landscape, we are bringing together
the most complete set of tools and services for highly productive mobile-first, cloud-first development - from cross-
platform mobile development tools in Visual Studio to Application Insights in Visual Studio Online.
      TechCrunch: Microsoft Buys HockeyApp.
      Apple has Test Flight, Twitter has Crashlytics, and now Microsoft has HockeyApp. The Windows Phone maker has made
an acquisition to continue building out its mobile business, this time focusing on developers.
 Co-Founder & CEO.
Codenauts GmbHmars 2010 - mars 2015 · 5 ans 1 moisRégion de Stuttgart.
    Driven by customer obsession, great design, and high quality, we created mobile apps for Viacom International Media
Networks Germany, Zattoo Inc, Dekra Automobil GmbH, and for YOC AG. Reference apps include the South Park app for iOS
and Android, Zattoo for Android, or the original version of the Postbank app. As part of the HockeyApp acquisition, the
Codenauts team joined Microsoft and now works on SDKs for HockeyApp and Visual Studio Mobile Center.
 Freelance Software Developer.
MTV Networks Germany GmbHavr. 2009 - févr. 2010 · 11 moisBerlin, Germany.
    I worked on GameOne, ClubNick, and other MTV properties, mostly as a backend developer using Ruby on Rails and
JavaScript.
Project Manager.
Robert Bosch GmbHjanv. 2007 - déc. 2008 · 2 ansStuttgart Area, Germany.
    I managed the team of software developers for Side View Assist, the first ever ultrasonic-based system for
monitoring the blind spot of cars and trucks.
      Bosch Side View Assist.
      Bosch is launching the new Side View Assist -- the world's first ultrasonic-based system for monitoring the blind
spot.

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Relation Thomas_Dohmke__CEO__github

  • label : CEO

  • from : Thomas_Dohmke

  • begin : 2021-11-01

  • to : github

Microsoft

Org microsoft

  • label : Microsoft

Ident microsoft

  • label : Microsoft

  • orgs : microsoft

Ident sun

  • label : SunnMicrosystems

  • from : Satya_Nadella

  • from-label : worked

  • from-end : 2014-01-01

Relation Satya_Nadella__worked__sun

  • from : Satya_Nadella

  • label : worked

  • end : 2014-01-01

Ident Satya_Nadella

Born 19 August 1967

Source Satya_Nadella

Text

Title : Satya Nadella — Wikipédia

Satya Nadella. || --- || Birth | || --- | --- || Name in the mother tongue | సత్య నాదత్యసనా or सत्यनारायण नडेला ||
Nationality | || Home | || Training | Manipal Institute of Technology. || Activities ||| Activity period | Since ||
Family | 4 children || Father | Bukkapuram Nadella Yugandhar (|| spouse | Anupama Nadella || A worked for ||| --- | ---
|| website | || Detailed list.pravasi Bharatiya Samman (| Satya Narayana Nadella (En En [telougou]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/t%C3%A9lougou) సత్య నాదెళ్ల నాదెళ్ల), born in [Hyderabad]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/hyderabad), in [India] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/ind is the [president-director general]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/pr%C3%A9sident-director_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral) (CEO) of [Microsoft]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wikrosoft) [1]. Vice-president of the "Cloud and Company" branch of this company, in
particular responsible for the management and evolution of IT platforms (servers and workstations) of the "development"
branch and "cloud" activities (dematerialized activities) of the group. It has American citizenship [2]. IMEUNESSE AND
AUMS Studies. [Modify] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_NAGELLA&VEACTION=EDITALIQUE=1) | [Modify the
code] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&arction=1)] was born in Hyderabad, in the [Indian State]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27inde) of [Andhra Pradesh]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/andhra_pradesh), in a family [Hindu] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/hindoue) speaking the
[telougou] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/t%C3%A9lougou) [[3]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3), [[4]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-4), [5]. Prabhavati Yugandhar, was a speaker in. [Sanskrit]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/sanskrit) at. [[6]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-6) [sri padmaavathi College]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=sri_padmavati_Mahila_visvavidyam&ction=edit&redLink=1) [(en)] (ht TPS:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sri_padmavati_mahila_visvavidyalayam) from. [Tirupati] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/tiruPati)
and His father, Bukkapuram Nadella Yugandhar, was a civil servant within. [[7]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
nadelfamily-7) [Indian administrative public service] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/function_publique_en_inde) (IAS) As
long as the secretary of the former. [Indian Prime Ministers]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/premier_minister_de_l%27inde) [narasimha rao]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/pamulaparthi_venkata_narasimha_rao) and. [Manmohan Singh]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/manmohan_singh) [[8]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-8),. [[9]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-9) He studied at [Hyderabad School]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=hyderabad_public_school&ction=Edit&redLink=1) [(en)]
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hyderabad_public_school) [10] Institute of Technology.– de la. [[11]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-11) [Manipal Academy of Higher Education]
(https://f.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manipal_academy_of_higher_education&ction=Edit&redLink=1) [(en)]
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/manipal_academy And to obtain an engineering diploma in electronics and communication.
[[12]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-12),. [[13]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-13) after having
[expatriate] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/expatri%C3%A9) in [United States] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C39tats
United), Nadella obtains a [Master] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/master_ (grade_universaire)) in computer science at
[University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/universit%C3%A9_du_wisconsin_%C3%A0_milwaukee)
[[14]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-14), [15], as than a. [mba]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ma%C3%Aetrise_en_administer_des_affaires) at the
[University of Chicago] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/universit%C3%A9_de_chicago). [[16]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-1 6) Career. [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?ttle=Satya_NADELLA&VEACTION=EDITAL The code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&ction=edit§ion=2)] Sun microsystems. [Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tle=satya_nadella&veaction=3) | The code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&ction=edit§ion=3)] Nadella works for [Sun Microsystems]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/sun_microsystems) [17] as a technical engineer, before joining the Group. [Microsoft]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft) in. [1992] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992). Crosoft. [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?ttle=satya_nadella&vection=Edit§ion=4) | [Modify modification The code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&ction=edit§ion=4)] 1992–2014. [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tle=satya_nadella&veAction=5) | Code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_NAGELLA&Action=EDITIALE=5)] In 1992, Nadella joined Microsoft and is
part of the thirty Indian immigrants working for the company. He notably worked on Microsoft's interactive television
project [18] (MSN TV) and the operating system. [Windows Nt] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/windows_nt). [[17]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-the_rise_of_satya_n Adella,
_the_ceo_who_totally_turned_microsoft_around_in_5_years_and_made_it_more_valable_than_apple-17) at Microsoft, he
occupied in particular the positions of senior vice-president of the department "[Research & Development]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/recharche_et_d%C3%A9 development)" of the "Online Services" division (online services)
and the post of vice-president of the "business" division of Microsoft. Later, he was appointed President of the
"Business Servers and Tools" division (19 billion dollars in [turnover]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/chiffre_d%27affaires)), and directed the transformation of the economic model and the
organization of internal resources of the "customer services" Computing] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/cloud_computing)
"and" Cloud Services ". He was notably the craftsman of the integration of [Microsoft SQL Server]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_sql_Server), [Windows Server] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/windows_server)
and the “Development” [Microsoft Visual Studio] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_visual_Studio)) in the [Cloud]
solution (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/cloud_ (System%C3%A8Me_D%27Exploitation)) [Windows Azure]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/windows_azure). Thus, revenues from the “Cloud Services” division rose from $ 16.6
billion in 2011 to more than $ 20 billion in 2013 [19]. As CEO (2014–) [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&veAction=6) | Code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&ction=edit§ion=6)] From the, Satya Nadella is the new CEO of
Microsoft and succeeds [Steve Ballmer] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/steve Since the start of his mandate he has been
working on the change in the corporate culture of Microsoft and the simplification of the engineering process, to be
more reactive in the sector. [[21]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-21) in, he announces the abolition of around 14
% of Microsoft workforce by 2015, ie 18,000 positions, to the two sector leaders that are [Google]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/google) and [Apple] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/apple) [22].
Le, Microsoft announces the integration of [bitcoin] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/bitcoin), cryptographic currency
booming popularity, at its [Xbox] platform (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/xbox_ (Console)). It is also announced that
Microsoft will continue to carefully monitor the evolution of Bitcoin, in order to integrate it into other future
projects. At a press conference, Satya Nadella claims to be very interested in [Blockchain]
(https://fikipedia.org/wiki/blockchain) technology [23]. He also put on the cloud and participated in launching high
-end tablets like [surface pro 3] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wikrosoft_surface)) or the [surface pro 4]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_surface), as well as phones like [Microsoft Lumia]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_lumia) [950] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_lumia_950) and [950 xl]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?ttle=Microsoft_lumia_950_xl&arction=1) [(en)]
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_lumia_950_xl). In May [2017] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017), while
Microsoft and its competitors ([Amazon] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/amazon), [Apple]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/apple), [Google] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/google) and [IBM]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ibm) are preparing to integrate artificial intelligence in everyday life, Satya Nadella
said during a press conference that developers are responsible for preventing a future [dystopian]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/dystopique) of. [George Orwell] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/george_orwell) or the best
of. Huxley] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/aldous_huxley) (without quoting. [Skynet]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/skynet_ (Terminator)). On this occasion Jason Wong, Director of Research on Design and
Applications Development at. [Gartner] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/gartner) asked him what will happen to those of
unskilled jobs and of which will be replaced by robots. Bleus] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/col_bleu_
(class_sociale)). Others fear that artificial intelligence also captures an increasingly increasing part of the work of.
[[24]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-24); Subject addressed in the debates of. [White passes]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/col_blanc_ (class_sociale)) [Economic Forum Mondial]
(https://f.wikipedia.org/wiki/forum_%C3%A9conomique_mondial) from. [Davos] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/davos) in ..
[[25]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-25) 2024, its remuneration as a leader of Microsoft amounts to $ 79.1
million, up 63% compared to 2023 [26]. A sum essentially composed of actions (for a value of around $ 71 million).
Private. [[Modify] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?ttle=Satya_NADELLA&VEACTION=EDITIALE=7) | [Modify the Code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&ction=edit§ion=7)] Satya Nadella has been married since 1992
to Anupama Priyadarshini [27], a training architect .. The couple has three children, two daughters and a son. In 2022,
Satya and Anupama Nadella lose their son Zain, who died at the age of 26 and who suffered from. [[7]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-nadlafamily-7) [paralysis Cerebral]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/pararalysie_c%C3%A9r%C3%A9brale) [[7]] (https: //fr.w Ikipedia.org#Cite_note-
Anadelfamily-7),. [[28]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-28) Price price and distinctions. [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_NAGELLA&VEACTION=EDITALIQUE=8) | [Modify the code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tle=satya_nadella&arction=8)] is classified by [Time Magazine]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/time_ (magazine)) in the list of 100 most influential people in the world, the. [Time
100] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/time_100).
[[29]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-29) Notes and references. [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_NADELLA&VEACT Code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_Nadella&ction=edit§ion=9)] [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-1)
(in) "[Who is Satya Nadella] (https://www.business-standard.com/about/who-is-satya-adella) ", on Business-Tandard.com
(consulted) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-2) (in)" [Satya Nadella, CEO, Microsoft]
(https://www.forbes.com/profile/satya-adella/) ", on forbes.com (consulted) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-3)
(en) Jagmohan S. Bhanver, Nadella: The Changing Face of Microsoft, Hachette India, ([ISBN]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/international_standard_book_Number) [978-93-5009-891-2] (htt PS:
//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SP%C3%A9cial: works_de_r%C3%A9F%C3%A9rence/978-93-5009-891-2), [Read in Line]
(https://books.google.fr/books?id=-bnnawaaqbaj&q=telugu+Family+nadeLA+NA&PG=PT7&REDIR_ESC= y#v = snippet & q =
telugu%20Family%20nadella%20nadella & f = false)) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-4) (in) Pisupati Sadasiva
Suryanarayana, smart diplomacy: Exploring China-India Synergy, World Scientific, ([ISBN]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/international_standard_book_Number) [978-1-938134-70-8] (htt PS:
//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SP%C3%A9cial: works_de_r%C3%A9F%C3%A9rence/978-1-938134-70-8), [Read in Line]
(https://books.google.fr/books?id=zwxyCwaaqbaj&DQ=SATYALIDELLUCU&PG=pa34&redir_es C = y#v = OnePage & Q =
Satya%20NADELLA%20TELUGU & F = FALSE)) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-5) (in) (in) G vijayalakshmi, "[‘
studious, hardworking boy has achieved His Goal, ’Says Satya Nadella's DAD] (https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-
studious-hardworking-boy-has-chiefd-his-goal-says-satya-nadella-dad-1959411) ", on DNA India, (consulted the ) [↑]
(https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-6) (in) "[Remembering ex-bureaucrat Bn Yugandhar]
(https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/remembering-ex-bureaucrat-bn-yugandhar/article29430142.ece) ", on
www.thehindubusinessline.com, (Consulted Le)-(en)".
[How Satya Nadella's Family Helped Him Become A Successful Leader]
(https://economicctimes.indietimes.com/magazines/panache/how-satya-adellas-family-helped-him-become-a-successful-
leader/not-without-my-myother/slideshow/77630821.cms?from=mdr) ” Times]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/the_economic_times), (accessed on) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-8) (en) India
Ministry of Home Affairs, the civil list of Indian Administrative Service, the minister, Line]
(https://books.google.fr/books?id=peodaaaaaaj&q=bukkapuram+nadel! Away at the age of 82]
(https://www.indiatody.in/india/story/satya-nadela-microsoft-father-bn-yugandhar-hyderabad-1598978-2019-09-13) ", on
India TODAY (consulted the ) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-10) ["‘ Never, Ever Stop Learning ’: Satya Nadella
"] (http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130729/lifestyle-offbeat/article/%E2%80%98never-ever-stop-
learning%E2%80%99-satya-adella), Anisha Dhiman, 29th Jul 2013, Decan Chronical [↑] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-11) (en) Annapurna Roy, "[When Satya Nadella Said He Should Visit His Alma Mater]
(https://economicctimes.indaiatimes.com/tech/technology/Microsoft-chief-Pleased-To-Hear-miPan-academy-for-higher-
ducation-using-his-companys-ai-based-tool/articleshow/11718533.cms?from=mdr) ” Economic Times, (consulted) [↑] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-12) [Mit thrulled over nadella being in race to head microsoft | www.dnaindia.com]
(http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1880581/REPORT-MIT-TOVER-NADELLA-BEING-IRA-RACE-RACE-TO-HERA-HICROSOFT) [↑] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-13) [Manipal Institute of Technology Hails Sathya Nadella's Success - Times of India]
(http://articles.timesfindia.indaiatimes.com/2013-08-28/news/41537529_microsoft-ceo-vinod-thomas-manipal-institite) [↑]
(https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-14) SHOULD NOT SHY AWAY FROM TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE THROWING UP New Challenges']
(https://www.pnccricinfo.com/story/satya-nadella-cricket-should-not-shhy-away-from-technological-change-throwing-up-new-
challenges-123410) " Espncricinfo, (accessed the) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-15) (en) Alison Bauter, "[Next
Microsoft CEO COULD BE UWM Graduate] (https://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/News/2014/01/30/New-Microsoft-Could-Be-Be-
Grad.Html) ", on www.bizjournals.com, (consulted the ) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-16) (en) "[Satya Nadella
| Biography & Facts | Britannica] (https://www.britannica.com/biography/satya-adella) ", on [Encyclopædia Britannica]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/cyclop%C3%A6dia_britannica), (Consulted)-(En-Uus) Matt Weinberger,".
[The Rise of Satya Nadella, The CEO Who Totally Turned Microsoft Around in 5 Years and Made It More Valuable Than Apple]
(https://www.businessinsider.com/the-of--moicrosoft-ceo-satya-nadla-2016) " [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-18)
(en) "[Satya Nadella is Making Microsoft Cool. No, seriously] (https://time.com/4157575/how-cicrosoft-got-its-groove-
back-and-whats-nests/) ", on time, (consulted) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-19)" [Indo-American Satya Nadella
be Microsoft’s new CEO] (http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/01/indo-american-satya-nadella-in-race-to-b--bicrosofts-new-
co/) ", Ians, Biharprabha News (consulted the ) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-20) [which is Satya Nadella, the
new boss of Microsoft ?] (https://www.challenges.fr/high-tech/20140204.cha0003/qui-est-satya-nadla-le-nouveau-patron-de-
microsoft.html) "[Copy Archived] (https://web.archive.org/web/20180723093800/https://www.challenges.fr/high-
tech/20140204.cha0003/qui-est-satya-adella-le-nouveau-patron-de-microsoft.html) ”( Archive]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/internet_archive) Challenges, February 5, 2014 [↑] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-21) Jérôme Marin, [to change Microsoft, Satya Nadella " »]
(Http://siliconvalley.blog.lemonde.fr/2014/07/11/pour-changer-microsoft-satya-nadella-nexclut-rien/), Le Monde-Silicon
Valley, July 11, 2014 [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-22) Microsoft will delete 18,000 jobs ",, Encart" [Le
Figaro] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/le_figaro) [Economy] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/le_figaro_%C3%89onomie) ",
Friday, July 18, 2014, page 25. [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-23) (en) "[bitpay: microsoft has aggressive
global vision for Bitcoin] (http://www.coindesk.com/bitpay-scrosoft-aggressive-global-vision-bitcoin/) ", [↑] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-24) (in)" [Microsoft CEO: Tech Sector Needs To Prevent ‘1984’ Future: Microsoft: Microsoft
Boss Satya Nadella has iSSUED AN OMINOUS WARNING ABOUT THE FUTURE OF AI AND THE POTENTIAL FOR A DYSTOPIAN, 1984-ESQUE
FUTURE.] (https://www.news.com.au/technology/home-entterainment/computers/Microsoft-tech-Sector-NEEDS-TO-
PREVENT-1984-FUTURE/NEWS-TORY/EB533F55D35A8BF6D0EA4243F96B05E3) News.com.au, (Accessed Le) [↑] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-25) Jitra Joshi (2017), article Dua Davos, concern for the snay passes, future victims of
the Automation Crushing Picard, published the 01/19/2017 [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-26) (in) "Microsoft CEO
Gets 2024 Pay Package Worth $ 79.1 million", Bloomberg.com, ([Read in Line]
(https://www.bloomberg.com/News/articles/2024-10-24/Microsoft-Ceo-nade-2024-pay-package-jumps-63-To-79-1-million),
consulted on) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-27) (En) "[Meet Anupama Nadella, Microsoft Ceo Satya Nadella’s
Wife for Whom He Gave Up His Green Card] (https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anu-nupama-nadella-cicrosoft-
ceo-satya-nadella-wife-for-whom-he-gave-up-his-us-green-card-zain-3024379) ”, on DNA India (consulted ) [↑] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-28) (in) "[Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella's Son dieed at age 26. Here's what he taught the
leader about Empathy.] (https://fortune.com/2022/03/02/microsoft-ceo-satya-adellas-son-ampathy-accessibility/) ", on
fortune (consulted) [↑] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-29) (En-Uus)" [Satya) World’s 100 Most influencing people]
(https://time.com/collection/ost-influential-people-2018/5217556/satya-adella/) "on time (consulted) external. [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_NAGELLA&VEACTION=EDITIALE=10) | [Modify the code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tle=satya_nadella&arction=10)- (EN) [Official website]
(https://news.microsoft.com/exec/satya-nadella/)- Resource relating to public life:- Audiovisual resource:- Notices in
generalist dictionaries or encyclopedias:

Download json

Analyse
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Relation Satya_Nadella__CEO__microsoft

  • to : microsoft

  • label : CEO

  • begin : 2014-02-04

Relation microsoft__Buy__github

  • label : Buy

  • from : microsoft

  • begin : 2018-10-26

  • to : github

Source microsoft_github_buy

Text

Title : GitHub - Wikipedia

GitHub.
| Type of business |
|
|---|
[version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-1)[San
Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco), California,
U.S.[Founder(s)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_founder)
[Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner)[Chris
Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath)[P. J. Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett)- Scott
Chacon.
- Mike Taylor (CFO)
- Kyle Daigle (COO)
- Collaborative.
[version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)(GitHub) - AI development tools (
[GitHub Copilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Copilot)) [Web
host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service)(GitHub Pages)[Package
repository](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_repository)([npm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm))
[Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue)
[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
techcrunch.com-2)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3)[Parent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_company)
[Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft)(2018–present)[github](https://github.com/)
.com[IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6)support.
[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-4)[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-5)[Users](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_user)
)[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-6)[ASN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number)
[36459](https://bgp.tools/as/36459)GitHub ([/ˈɡɪthʌb/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ⓘ) is a.
[proprietary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_software)developer platform that allows developers to create,
store, manage, and share their code. It uses.
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)to provide.
[distributed version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_version_control)and GitHub itself provides.
[access control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_control),
[bug tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug_tracking_system),
[software feature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_feature)requests,
[task management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_management),
[continuous integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration), and.
[wikis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki)for every project.
Headquartered in.
[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-hugeinvestment-9)[California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California),
GitHub, Inc.has been a subsidiary of.
[Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft)since 2018.
[[10]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-techcrunch-10)It is commonly used to host [open
source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source) software development projects. [11] As of January 2023,
GitHub reported having over 100 million developers and more than 420 million.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)[repositories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repository_(version_control)),
including at least 28 million public repositories.
It is the world's largest.
[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-12)[source code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code)host as of June
2023.
Over five billion developer contributions were made to more than 500 million open source projects in 2024.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)
[[13]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-13)About.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=1)]
Founding.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=2)]
The development of the GitHub platform began on October 19, 2007. [14] The site was launched in April 2008 by.
[Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner),
[Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath),
[P. J. Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett)and Scott Chacon after it had been available for a few months as
a.
[beta release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_release).
Its name was chosen as a compound of.
[[15]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-pastie-15)and.
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)hub.
[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-16)Structure of the organization.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=3)]
GitHub, Inc. was originally a [flat organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_organization) with no middle
managers, instead relying on [self-management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_self-management). [17] Employees
could choose to work on projects that interested them (
[open allocation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_allocation)), but the chief executive set salaries.
[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-nyt-18)In 2014, the company added a layer of [middle
management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_management) in response to harassment allegations against its co-
founder and then-CEO, Thomas Preston-Werner, and his wife, Theresa Preston-Werner. As a result of the scandal, [Tom
Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner) resigned from his position as CEO. [19] Co-founder and
Product lead,
[Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath), became CEO.
[Julio Avalos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Avalos), then General Counsel and Administrative Officer, assumed
control over GitHub's business operations and day-to-day management.
[[20]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-20)Finance.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=4)]
GitHub was a [bootstrapped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship#Bootstrapping) [start-up
business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startup_company), which in its first years provided enough revenue to be funded
solely by its three founders and start taking on employees.[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-21)
In July 2012, four years after the company was founded, [Andreessen
Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz) invested $100 million in [venture
capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture_capital) [9] with a $750 million valuation.
[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-22)In July 2015 GitHub raised another $250 million (~$314 million in 2023) of
venture capital in a [series B round](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_B). The lead investor was [Sequoia
Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia_Capital), and other investors were [Andreessen
Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz), [Thrive
Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrive_Capital), IVP (Institutional Venture Partners) and other venture capital
funds.[[23]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-23) [24] The company was then valued at approximately $2 billion.
[[25]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-25)As of 2023, [update] GitHub was estimated to generate $1 billion in revenue
annually.
[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-techcrunch.com-2)History.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=5)]
The GitHub service was developed by [Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath), [P. J.
Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett), [Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-
Werner), and Scott Chacon using [Ruby on Rails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails), and started in February
2008. [26] The company, GitHub, Inc., was formed in 2007 and is located in San Francisco.
[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-27)On February 24, 2009, GitHub announced that within the first year of being
online, GitHub had accumulated over 46,000 public repositories, 17,000 of which were formed in the previous month. At
that time, about 6,200 repositories had been [forked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development)) at
least once, and 4,600 had been merged.
That same year, the site was used by over 100,000 users, according to GitHub, [28] and had grown to host 90,000 unique
public repositories, 12,000 having been forked at least once, for a total of 135,000 repositories.
[[29]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-29)In 2010, GitHub was hosting 1 million repositories. [30] A year later, this
number doubled.
[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-31)[ReadWriteWeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReadWriteWeb)reported that
GitHub had surpassed.
[SourceForge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge)and.
[Google Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Code)in total number of commits for the period of January to May
2011.
On January 16, 2013, GitHub passed the 3 million users mark and was then hosting more than 5 million repositories.
[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-32)By the end of the year, the number of repositories was twice as great,
reaching 10 million repositories.
[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-33)
[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-34)In 2015, GitHub opened an office in Japan, its first outside of the
U.S.[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-35)
On February 28, 2018, GitHub fell victim to the third-largest [distributed denial-of-
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_denial-of-service) (DDoS) attack in history, with incoming traffic
reaching a peak of about 1.35 terabits per second.[[36]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DDOS-36)
On June 19, 2018, GitHub expanded its GitHub Education by offering free education bundles to all
schools.[[37]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-37)[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-38)
On June 11, 2019, it was announced that former [Bitnami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitnami) chief operating officer
(COO) and co-founder, Erica Brescia, would be GitHub's COO.[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-39)
On November 3, 2021, GitHub announced that CEO [Nat Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman), who become
CEO when Microsoft acquired GitHub, was stepping down as CEO and GitHub's chief product officer, Thomas Dohmke, would
become CEO on November 15.[[40]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-40)
On August 11, 2025 [Thomas Dohmke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dohmke) announced that he was to step down as
CEO at the end of 2025, to pursue entrepreneurial endeavors. Microsoft did not immediately share their intention to find
a direct replacement.[[41]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-41)
Acquisition by Microsoft.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=6)]
From 2012, [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft) became a significant user of GitHub, using it to host
open-source projects and development tools such as [.NET Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET), [Chakra
Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)), [MSBuild](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSBuild),
[PowerShell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerShell), [PowerToys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerToys),
[Visual Studio Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code), [Windows
Calculator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calculator), [Windows
Terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Terminal) and the bulk of its product documentation (now to be found on
[Microsoft Docs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Learn)).[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
venturebeat-43)[[44]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:1-44)
On June 4, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to acquire GitHub for US$7.5 billion (~$8.96 billion in 2023). [45] The
deal closed on October 26, 2018.
GitHub continued to operate independently as a community, platform and business.
[[46]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-46)Under Microsoft, the service was led by.
[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-47)[Xamarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamarin)'s.
[Nat Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman), reporting to.
[Scott Guthrie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Guthrie), executive vice president of Microsoft Cloud and AI.
[[48]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-48)
[[49]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-49)There have been concerns from developers Kyle Simpson,
[JavaScript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript) trainer and author, and Rafael Laguna, CEO at [Open-
Xchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange) over Microsoft's purchase, citing uneasiness over Microsoft's
handling of previous acquisitions, such as [Nokia's mobile business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile) and
[Skype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype).[[50]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-50)[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-51)
This acquisition was in line with Microsoft's business strategy under CEO [Satya
Nadella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satya_Nadella), which has seen a larger focus on [cloud
computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing) services, alongside the development of and contributions to
open-source software.[[10]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
techcrunch-10)[[44]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:1-44)[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-52) Harvard
Business Review argued that Microsoft was intending to acquire GitHub to get access to its user base, so it can be used
as a.
[loss leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_leader)to encourage the use of its other development products and
services.
[[53]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-53)Concerns over the sale bolstered interest in competitors:
[Bitbucket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitbucket) (owned by [Atlassian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlassian)),
[GitLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab) and [SourceForge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge) (owned by
[Slashdot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot)) reported that they had seen spikes in new users intending to migrate
projects from GitHub to their respective services.[[54]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
atlassian-10reasons-54)[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-zdnet-
rivalsgain-55)[[56]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-56)[[57]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-57)[[58]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-58)
In September 2019, GitHub acquired [Semmle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semmle), a code analysis tool. [59] In
February 2020, GitHub launched in India under the name GitHub India Private Limited.
In March 2020, GitHub announced that it was acquiring.
[[60]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-60)[npm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm_(software)), a JavaScript packaging
vendor, for an undisclosed sum of money.
The deal was closed on April 15, 2020.
[[61]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-61)
[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-62)In early July 2020, the GitHub Archive Program was established to archive
its open-source code in perpetuity.[[63]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-blog-63)
Mascot.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=7)]
GitHub's [mascot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascot) is Mona, [64] an.
[anthropomorphized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphized)"octocat" with five.
[octopus-like arms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod_limb).
[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Octodex_FAQ-65)The character was created by graphic designer.
[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Jaramillo-66)[Simon Oxley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Oxley)as.
[clip art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clip_art)to sell on.
[iStock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IStock),
a website that enables designers to market.
[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-67)[royalty-free](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty-free)
[digital images](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image). The illustration GitHub chose was a character that Oxley
had named Octopuss.
Since GitHub wanted Octopuss for their logo (a use that the iStock license disallows), they negotiated with Oxley to buy
exclusive rights to the image.
[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-67)
[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-67)GitHub renamed Octopuss to Octocat, [67] and trademarked the
character along with the new name.
Later, GitHub hired illustrator Cameron McEfee to adapt Octocat for different purposes on the website and promotional
materials; McEfee and various GitHub users have since created hundreds of variations of the character, which are
available on.
[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Octodex_FAQ-65)[The Octodex](https://octodex.github.com/).
[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-McEfee-68)
[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-69)Services.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=8)]
Projects on GitHub can be accessed and managed using the standard [Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) command-line
interface; all standard Git commands work with it. GitHub also allows users to browse public
[repositories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_repository) on the site. Multiple desktop clients and Git
[plugins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)) are also available. In addition, the site provides [social
networking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking)-like functions such as feeds, followers, wikis (using [wiki
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_software) called [Gollum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gollum_Wiki)), and
a [social network graph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaboration_graph) to display how developers work on their
versions ("[forks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development))") of a repository and what fork (and
branch within that fork) is newest.
Anyone can browse and download public repositories, but only registered users can contribute content to repositories.
With a registered user account, users can have discussions, manage repositories, submit contributions to others'
repositories, and [review changes to code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_review). GitHub began offering limited
private repositories at no cost in January 2019 (limited to three contributors per project). Previously, only public
repositories were free.[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-70)[[71]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-71) [72]
On April 14, 2020, GitHub made "all of the core GitHub features" free for everyone, including "private repositories with
unlimited collaborators."
[[73]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-73)The fundamental software that underpins GitHub is
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) itself, written by [Linus
Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds), creator of Linux. The additional software that provides the
GitHub user interface was written using [Ruby on Rails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails) and
[Erlang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)) by GitHub, Inc. developers Wanstrath, [74] Hyett,
and Preston-Werner.
Scope.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=9)]
The primary purpose of GitHub is to facilitate the [version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control) and
[issue tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issue_tracking_system) aspects of software development. Labels,
milestones, responsibility assignment, and a search engine are available for issue tracking. For version control, Git
(and, by extension, GitHub) allows [pull requests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull_request) to propose changes to the
source code. Users who can review the proposed changes can see a diff between the requested changes and approve them. In
Git terminology, this action is called "committing" and one instance of it is a "commit." A history of all commits is
kept and can be viewed at a later time.
In addition, GitHub supports the following formats and features:
- Documentation,
including automatically
rendered[[75]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-75)[README](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/README)files in a variety
of[Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown)-like file formats (see[README § On
GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/README#On_GitHub)) [Wikis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikis),with some
repositories consisting solely of wiki content. These include curated lists of recommended software which have become
known as awesome
lists.[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-76)[[77]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-77)[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-78)[GitHub
Codespaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Codespaces), an[online
IDE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_IDE)providing users with a virtual machine intended to be a work environment
to build and test
code[[79]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-79)[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-80)[[81]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-81)-
Graphs: pulse, contributors, commits, code frequency, punch card, network, members.
- Integrations Directory.
[[82]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-82) - Email notifications.
[[83]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-83) - Discussions.
[[84]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-84) - Option to subscribe someone to notifications by.
[@ mentioning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mention_(blogging))them.[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-85)
[Emojis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji)[[86]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-86)- Nested.
[task-lists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_do_list)within files - Visualization of.
[geospatial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatial_analysis)data - 3D render files can be previewed using an
integrated STL file viewer that displays the files on a "3D canvas."
The viewer is powered
by[[87]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3d-87)[WebGL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebGL)and[Three.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three.js).
- Support for previewing many common image formats, including Photoshop's PSD files.
- PDF document viewer.
- Security Alerts of known.
[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)in different
packages.
GitHub's Terms of Service do not require public software projects hosted on GitHub to meet the [Open Source
Definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Definition). The [terms of
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_service) state, "By setting your repositories to be viewed publicly, you
agree to allow others to view and fork your repositories."[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-88)
GitHub Enterprise.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=10)]
GitHub Enterprise is a self-managed version of GitHub with similar functionality. It can be run on an organization's
hardware or a cloud provider and has been available as of November
2011.[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit) [89] In November 2020, source code for
GitHub Enterprise Server was leaked online in an apparent protest against DMCA takedown of.
[youtube-dl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube-dl). According to GitHub, the source code came from GitHub
accidentally sharing the code with Enterprise customers themselves, not from an attack on GitHub servers.
[[90]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-90)
[[91]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-91)GitHub Pages.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=11)]
In 2008, GitHub introduced GitHub Pages, a [static](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_web_page) [web hosting
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service) for [blogs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog), project
documentation,[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-92) [93] and books.
All GitHub Pages content is stored in a Git repository as files served to visitors verbatim or in.
[[94]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-94)[Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Flavored_Markdown)format.
GitHub is integrated with.
[Jekyll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jekyll_(software))static website and blog generator and GitHub continuous
integration pipelines. Each time the content source is updated, Jekyll regenerates the website and automatically serves
it via GitHub Pages infrastructure.
[[95]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-95)Like the rest of GitHub, it includes free and paid service tiers. Websites
generated through this service are hosted either as [subdomains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdomain) of the
github.io domain or can be connected to custom [domains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name) bought through a
third-party [domain name registrar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_registrar). [96] GitHub Pages supports
HTTPS encryption.
[[97]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-97)
[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-98)GitHub Actions.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=12)]
GitHub Actions was officially launched on November 13, 2019. It was first announced in October 2018 at GitHub Universe
as a way to automate workflows, but the full general availability (GA) release came a year later in 2019. GitHub
Actions, [99] which allows building.
[continuous integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration)and.
[continuous deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_deployment)pipelines for testing, releasing and
deploying software without the use of third-party websites/platforms. Unlike many other CI/CD tools, GitHub Actions
launched with a marketplace where developers could share and reuse prebuilt actions (e.g., testing, linting,
deployments). GitHub wanted to reduce reliance on third-party services and keep developers within the GitHub ecosystem.
GitHub Actions provided hosted runners (Linux, Windows, macOS) that could dynamically scale, eliminating the need for
self-managed build servers.
Gist.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=13)]
GitHub also operates a [pastebin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin)-style site called Gist, which is for [code
snippets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snippet_(programming)), as opposed to GitHub proper, which is usually used for
larger projects. [15] Tom Preston-Werner débuted the feature at a Ruby conference in 2008.
[[100]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-100)Gist builds on the traditional simple concept of a
[pastebin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin) by adding version control for code snippets, easy forking, and [TLS
encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security) for private pastes. Because each "gist" is its own
Git repository, multiple code snippets can be contained in a single page, and they can be pushed and pulled using
Git.[[101]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-101)
Unregistered users could upload Gists until March 19, 2018, when uploading Gists was restricted to logged-in users,
reportedly to mitigate [spamming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamming) on the page of recent
Gists.[[102]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-102)
Gists' [URLs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL) use hexadecimal IDs, and edits to Gists are recorded in a [revision
history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control), which can show the text difference of thirty revisions per page
with an option between a "split" and "unified" view. Like repositories, Gists can be forked, "starred", i.e., publicly
bookmarked, and commented on. The count of revisions, stars, and forks is indicated on the gist
page.[[103]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-103)
Education program.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=14)]
GitHub launched a new program called the GitHub Student Developer Pack to give students free access to more than a dozen
popular development tools and services. GitHub partnered with [Bitnami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitnami),
[Crowdflower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdflower), [DigitalOcean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigitalOcean),
DNSimple, [HackHands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HackHands), [Namecheap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namecheap),
Orchestrate, Screenhero, [SendGrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SendGrid),
[Stripe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripe_(company)), [Travis CI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI), and
[Unreal Engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine) to launch the
program.[[104]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-104)
In 2016, GitHub announced the launch of the GitHub Campus Experts program [105] to train and encourage students to grow
technology communities at their universities. The Campus Experts program is open to university students 18 years and
older worldwide.
GitHub Campus Experts are one of the primary ways that GitHub funds student-oriented events and communities, Campus
Experts are given access to training, funding, and additional resources to run events and grow their communities. To
become a Campus Expert, applicants must complete an online training course with multiple modules to develop community
leadership skills.
[[106]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-106)GitHub Marketplace service.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=15)]
GitHub also provides some [software as a service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service) (SaaS)
integrations for adding extra features to projects. Those services include:
- Waffle.io: project management for software teams, which allows users to automatically see pull requests, automated
builds, reviews, and deployments across repositories.
[[107]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-107) - Rollbar: provides real-time debugging tools and full-stack exception
reporting.
[[108]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-108)[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-109) - Codebeat: automated
code analysis for web and mobile developers.
[][citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) [Travis
CI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI):[continuous
integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration)service.[][citation
needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)- GitLocalize: provides utilities to manage project
translation and internationalisation.
[][citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)
GitHub Sponsors.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=16)]
GitHub Sponsors allows users to make monthly money donations to projects hosted on GitHub. [110] The public beta was
announced on May 23, 2019, and the project accepts waitlist registrations.
[The Verge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Verge)said that GitHub Sponsors "works exactly like.
[Patreon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patreon)" because "developers can offer various funding tiers that come with
different perks, and they'll receive recurring payments from supporters who want to access them and encourage their
work" except with "zero fees to use the program." Furthermore, GitHub offers incentives for early adopters during the
first year: it pledges to cover payment processing costs and match sponsorship payments up to $5,000 per developer.
Furthermore, users can still use similar services like Patreon and Open Collective and link to their websites.
[[111]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-111)
[[112]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-112)GitHub Copilot.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=17)]
GitHub Copilot was one of the first widely adopted [AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI)-assisted software development
tools. The preview launched in 2021 for [VSCode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSCode) users and was based on [Open
AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_AI)'s Codex model.
GitHub Copilot is now available to use on GitHub.com directly, on the [command
line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_line), as well as in several
[IDEs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment). Users are able to choose from a range of
[LLMs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LLM) for some features.
GitHub Archive Program.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=18)]
In July 2020, GitHub stored a February archive of the site [63] in an abandoned mountain mine in.
[Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard), Norway, part of the.
[Arctic World Archive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_World_Archive)and not far from the.
[Svalbard Global Seed Vault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard_Global_Seed_Vault). The archive contained the code
of all active public repositories, as well as that of dormant but significant public repositories. The 21.
[TB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabyte)of data was stored on.
piqlFilmarchival film reels as.
[matrix (2D) barcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode#Matrix_(2D)_barcodes)(
[Boxing barcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_barcode)), and is expected to last 500–1,000 years.
[[113]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-113)
[[114]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-114)
[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-115)
[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-buried-116)The GitHub Archive Program is also working with partners on
Project Silica, in an attempt to store all public repositories for 10,000 years. It aims to write archives into the
molecular structure of [quartz glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_glass) platters, using a high-precision
[petahertz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petahertz) pulse laser, i.e. one that pulses a
[quadrillion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrillion) (1,000,000,000,000,000) times per
second.[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-buried-116)
Controversies.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=19)]
Harassment allegations.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=20)]
In March 2014, GitHub programmer Julie Ann Horvath alleged that founder and CEO Tom Preston-Werner engaged in a pattern
of [harassment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harassment) against her that led to her leaving the company. [117] In
April 2014, GitHub released a statement denying Horvath's allegations.
[[118]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-118)
[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-NYTResigns-119)However, following an internal investigation, GitHub confirmed
the claims. GitHub's CEO Chris Wanstrath wrote on the company blog, "The investigation found Tom Preston-Werner in his
capacity as GitHub's CEO acted inappropriately, including confrontational conduct, disregard of workplace complaints,
insensitivity to the impact of his spouse's presence in the workplace, and failure to enforce an agreement that his
spouse should not work in the office."
[[120]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-120)Preston-Werner subsequently resigned from the company.
[[121]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Follow_up_to_the_investigation_results-121)The firm then announced it would
implement new initiatives and trainings "to make sure employee concerns and conflicts are taken seriously and dealt with
appropriately."
[[122]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:0-122)
[[122]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:0-122)Sanctions.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=21)]
On July 25, 2019, a developer based in Iran wrote on [Medium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_(website)) that
GitHub had blocked his private repositories and prohibited access to GitHub pages. [123] Soon after, GitHub confirmed
that it was now blocking developers in.
[Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran),
[Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea),
[Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba),
[North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea), and.
[Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria)from accessing private repositories.
However, GitHub reopened access to GitHub Pages days later, for public repositories regardless of location. It was also
revealed that using GitHub while visiting sanctioned countries could result in similar actions occurring on a user's
account. GitHub responded to complaints and the media through a spokesperson, saying:
[[124]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-124)GitHub is subject to US trade control laws, and is committed to full
compliance with applicable law. At the same time, GitHub's vision is to be the global platform for.
[developer]collaboration, no matter where developers reside. As a result, we take seriously our responsibility to
examine government mandates thoroughly to be certain that users and customers are not impacted beyond what is required
by law. This includes keeping public repositories services, including those for open source projects, available and
accessible to support personal communications involving developers in sanctioned regions.[[125]][[126]]
Developers who feel that they should not have restrictions can appeal for the removal of said restrictions, including
those who only travel to, and do not reside in, those countries. GitHub has forbidden the use of
[VPNs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network) and [IP
proxies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server) to access the site from sanctioned countries, as purchase history
and IP addresses are how they flag users, among other sources.[[127]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-127)
Censorship.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=22)]
On December 4, 2014, Russia blacklisted GitHub.com because GitHub initially refused to take down user-posted suicide
manuals. [128] After a day, Russia withdrew its block,
and GitHub began blocking specific content and pages in Russia.
[[129]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-129)On December 31, 2014, India blocked GitHub.com along with 31 other
websites over pro-
[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-130)[ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS)content posted by users;
the block was lifted three days later.
[[131]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-131)On October 8, 2016, Turkey blocked GitHub to prevent email leakage of a
hacked account belonging to the country's energy minister.
[[132]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-132)
[[133]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-133)On March 26, 2015, a large-scale
[DDoS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDoS) attack was launched against GitHub.com that lasted for just under five days.
[134] The attack, which appeared to originate from China, primarily targeted GitHub-hosted user content describing
methods of.
[circumventing Internet censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_circumvention).
[[135]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-135)
[[136]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-136)
[[137]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-137)On April 19, 2020, Chinese police detained Chen Mei and Cai Wei
(volunteers for Terminus 2049, a project hosted on GitHub), and accused them of "picking quarrels and provoking
trouble." Cai and Chen archived news articles, interviews, and other materials published on Chinese media outlets and
social media platforms that have been removed by censors in China.[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-138)
ICE contract.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=23)]
GitHub has a $200,000 contract with [U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement) (ICE) for the use of their on-site
product GitHub Enterprise Server. This contract was renewed in 2019, despite internal opposition from many GitHub
employees. In an email sent to employees, later posted to the GitHub blog on October 9, 2019, CEO [Nat
Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman) stated, "The revenue from the purchase is less than $200,000 and
not financially material for our company." He announced that GitHub had pledged to donate $500,000 to "nonprofit groups
supporting immigrant communities targeted by [the current
administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump)." [139] In response, at least 150 GitHub
employees signed an open letter re-stating their opposition to the contract, and denouncing alleged human rights abuses
by ICE. As of November 13, 2019,
five workers had resigned over the contract.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)
[[140]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-140)
[[141]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-141)
[[142]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-142)The ICE contract dispute came into focus again in June 2020 due to the
company's decision [to abandon "master/slave" branch
terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_(technology)#Controversy), spurred by the George Floyd
protests and [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) movement. [143] Detractors of GitHub
describe the branch renaming to be a form of.
[performative activism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performative_activism)and have urged GitHub to cancel their ICE
contract instead.
An open letter from members of the open source community was shared on GitHub in December 2019, demanding that the
company drop its contract with ICE and provide more transparency into how they conduct business and partnerships. The
letter has been signed by more than 700 people.
[[144]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-144)
[[145]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-145)Capitol riot comments and employee firing.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=24)]
In January 2021, GitHub fired one of its employees after he expressed concern for colleagues following the [January 6
United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack), calling some of the
rioters "[Nazis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazism)". [146] After an investigation, GitHub's COO said there were
"significant errors of judgment and procedure" with the company's decision to fire the employee. As a result of the
investigation, GitHub reached out to the employee, and the company's head of human resources resigned.
[[147]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-147)
[[148]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-148)Twitter source code leak.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=25)]
In 2023, parts of the social media platform [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) were uploaded onto GitHub.
The leak was first reported by the New York Times and was part of a legal filing Twitter submitted to the [United States
District Court for the Northern District of
California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California). Twitter
claimed that the postings infringed on copyright property owned by them, and asked the court for information to identify
the user who posted the source code to GitHub, under the username
"FreeSpeechEnthusiast".[[149]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-149)
Reception.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=26)]
In 2012, [Linus Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds), the original developer of Git, highly praised
GitHub, stating, "The hosting of github [ sic] is excellent. They've done a good job on that. I think GitHub should be
commended enormously for making open source project hosting so easy." However, he also sharply criticized the
implementation of GitHub's merging interface, saying, "Git comes with a nice pull-request generation module, but GitHub
instead decided to replace it with their own totally inferior version. As a result, I consider GitHub useless for these
kinds of things. It's fine for hosting, but the pull requests and the online commit editing, are just pure garbage."
[[150]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-150)
[[151]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-151)See also.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=27)]
[Collaborative innovation network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_innovation_network)[Collaborative
intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_intelligence)[Commons-based peer
production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production)[Comparison of source code hosting
facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_source_code_hosting_facilities)[DevOps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DevOps)[Gitea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitea)[GitLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab)[Codeberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeberg)[Timeline
of GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_GitHub)[GitHub
Copilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Copilot)[Replit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replit)
References.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=28)]
[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-1)["New Year, New Company"](https://github.com/blog/589-new-year-new-
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support added to Linux kernel 5.15"](https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/06/github_merges_useless_garbage_says/)..[The
Register](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Register)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220127204556/https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/06/github_merges_useless_garbage_says/)from
the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
External links.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=29)]
[Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata)has the property:
-
(see[GitHub username
(P2037)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P2037)[uses](https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP2037%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P2037%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000))
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Download json

Analyse
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Download json

Event azure_events

Source azure_events

Link microsoft__Organize__azure_events

  • from : microsoft

  • label : Organize

  • sources : azure_events

  • to : azure_events

Event microsoft_pay_so_much_github

Source microsoft_pay_so_much_github

Link microsoft__Concerned__microsoft_pay_so_much_github

  • from : microsoft

  • label : Concerned

  • cats : financial

  • sources : microsoft_pay_so_much_github

  • to : microsoft_pay_so_much_github

Link github__Concerned__microsoft_pay_so_much_github

  • label : Concerned

  • from : github

  • to : microsoft_pay_so_much_github

Whois microsoft.com

  • Domain : MICROSOFT.COM

  • Registrar : MarkMonitor, Inc.

  • Creation date : ['1991-05-02 04:00:00', '1991-05-02 04:00:00+00:00']

  • Updated date : ['2025-04-01 12:38:29', '2025-04-01 12:38:29+00:00']

Download json

Linkedin

Event microsoft_linkedin

Source microsoft_linkedin 

Error getting text from https://www.reuters.com/article/business/microsoft-to-buy-linkedin-for-262-billion-in-its-largest-deal-idUSKCN0YZ1FO/.
Create it manually, put it in text_store/microsoft_linkedin.json and remove text_cache/microsoft_linkedin.json
Analyse
{}

Download json

Link microsoft__Buy__microsoft_linkedin

  • from : microsoft

  • label : Buy

  • cats : financial

  • sources : microsoft_linkedin

  • to : microsoft_linkedin

Quote microsoft_linkedin__cited in__microsoft_pay_so_much_github

  • label : cited in

  • from : microsoft_linkedin

  • to : microsoft_pay_so_much_github

World

Event microsoft_shocked_internet_buying_github

Source microsoft_shocked_internet_buying_github

Text

Title : Pourquoi le rachat de GitHub par Microsoft pour 7,5 milliards de dollars choque Internet

Excerpt : Microsoft a officialisé le rachat, pour un montant de 7,5 milliards de dollars, de la plateforme de création de logiciels GitHub. Tollé sur le web : GitHub est l'un des sites phares des partisans du logiciel libre, qui s'opposent aux entreprises qui diffusent des logiciels fermés ou propriétaires, dont Microsoft est l'un des porte-étendards.

Why the redemption of GitHub by Microsoft for $ 7.5 billion shocks Internet.Microsoft invests $ 30 million over three
years in France. Brian Snyder.Microsoft invests $ 30 million over three years in France.brian Snyder. Minute. 16: 43.15:
54.15: 00.14: 45.14: 16.13: 20.10: 20.9: 16.8: 45.8: 00.7: 56.7: 05.6: 00.6: 00.5: 30.4: 00.16: 54.15: 48.15: 37. See
all dispatches. world of software, and in particular free and open software. Github, the reference platform for
developers around the world, was bought by the American net giant Microsoft, known for its software suite -Forée-
Windows. After several days of rumors, the Redmond firm confirmed the acquisition, for an amount of $ 7.5 billion (6.4
billion euros). The transaction must be carried out by Microsoft actions and should be finalized at the end of the year
after the green light from the regulatory authorities. Created in 2008, Github is certainly not very well known to the
general public, but it still claims more than 28 million users worldwide. Bible of developers, it is a platform that
allows them to publish and share, in a completely open way if they wish, the code they have created. Github is now
hosting more than 80 million projects: software of course, but also any other computer program (site, mobile
application), without limitation of programming language. Opening and the spirit of sharing that reigns in its community
of users have logically transformed Github into one of the flagship platforms of supporters of free software. The latter
promote the transparency of software thanks to the publication of the entire source code, which allows anyone to have
access to it, to be able to modify it to enrich it, or to use certain parts to create another software. With free
software, a user can for example adapt the program to the use he makes of it, which offers him flexibility. Free
software is also supported by defenders of freedoms on the net because its transparency is deemed democratic -Chacun can
understand the actions and decisions of the program -. It is also considered to be safer, because developers can
identify if the code has been altered by a stolen door - a flaw used in particular by intelligence services - or a
cybercriminal. So, the culture of free claims transparency, sharing and often free. It is opposed with most players in
the software industry, who create and market owner or closed software, that is to say, the source code of which is kept
secret to prevent us from copying or modifying it. Microsoft, the third world market capitalization behind Apple and
Amazon, is the largest symbol with its owner suite Windows, which has made its richness. The announcing of Github's
buyout by Microsoft therefore gives some cold sweats in the world of free software, both disappointed and worried. His
supporters fear that the giant of Redmond does not distort the concept of Github, in particular his collaborative
approach, that he locks his flexibility of use or that he is trying to take advantage of it. In a press release,
Microsoft wanted to be reassuring. For the American company, the acquisition will allow developers to have new tools at
each stage of software development, which will allow them to provide new services to their users:
Should we see in this redemption the destruction of a symbol of free software, or on the contrary its recognition by one
of the major players in the software industry? In recent years, Satya Nadella, the CEO of Microsoft, has been changing
the group to the cloud and artificial intelligence, and has multiplied the statements favorable to the development of
free software. Even if Windows and the services in the cloud -Logiciales and accommodation - draw most of the group's
income, Microsoft has thus started a rapprochement to the culture of free software. It offers for example the operating
system open Linux. To read also. The most read projects.

Download json

Analyse
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      ],
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      [
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}

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