GitHub¶
GitHub¶
Org github
label : Github
Source github
label : Github
url : https://github.com/ (
local)orgs : github
sources : github
Text :
Title : GitHub · Build and ship software on a single, collaborative platform
Excerpt : Join the world's most widely adopted, AI-powered developer platform where millions of developers, businesses, and the largest open source community build software that advances humanity.
Build and ship software on a single, collaborative platform.
Join the world’s most widely adopted AI-powered developer platform.
GitHub features.
Build code quickly and more securely with GitHub Copilot embedded throughout your workflows.
GitHub is used by.
Accelerate performance.
With GitHub Copilot embedded throughout the platform, you can simplify your toolchain, automate tasks, and improve the
developer experience.
Work 55% faster.Jump to footnote 1 Increase productivity with AI-powered coding assistance, including code completion,
chat, and more.
Jump to footnote 1.
Duolingo boosts developer speed by 25% with GitHub Copilot.
[Read customer story](https://github.com/customer-stories/duolingo)
2024 Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for AI Code Assistants.
[Read report](https://www.gartner.com/doc/reprints?id=1-2IKO4MPE&ct=240819&st=sb)
Built-in application security.
where found means fixed.
where found means fixed.
Use AI to find and fix vulnerabilities—freeing your teams to ship more secure software faster.
Apply fixes in seconds. Spend less time fixing vulnerabilities and more time building features with Copilot Autofix.
Solve security debt. Leverage AI-assisted security campaigns to reduce application vulnerabilities and zero-day attacks.
[Discover security campaigns](https://github.com/security/advanced-security)
Dependencies you can depend on. Update vulnerable dependencies with supported fixes for breaking changes.
[Learn about Dependabot](https://github.com/security/advanced-security/software-supply-chain)
Your secrets, your business: protected. Detect, prevent, and remediate leaked secrets across your organization.
[Read about secret scanning](https://github.com/security/advanced-security/secret-protection)
7x faster vulnerability fixes with GitHubJump to footnote 2.
Work together, achieve more.
Collaborate with your teams, use management tools that sync with your projects, and code from anywhere—all on a single,
integrated platform.
Your workflows, your way. Plan effectively with an adaptable spreadsheet that syncs with your work.
From startups to enterprises, GitHub scales.
with teams of any size in any industry.
with teams of any size in any industry.
Millions of developers and businesses call GitHub home.
Whether you’re scaling your development process or just learning how to code, GitHub is where you belong. Join the
world’s most widely adopted AI-powered developer platform to build the technologies that redefine what’s possible.
Footnotes.
[Survey: The AI wave continues to grow on software development teams, 2024.](https://github.blog/news-
insights/research/survey-ai-wave-grows/)This 7X times factor is based on data from the industry’s longest running
analysis of fix rates Veracode State of Software Security 2023, which cites the average time to fix 50% of flaws as 198
days vs. GitHub’s fix rates of 72% of flaws with in 28 days which is at a minimum of 7X faster when compared.
Analyse :
{
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"scores_vader": {
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"negatif": 0.035,
"compose": 0.972
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Ident github
label : Github
orgs : github
sources : github
Event github_pages
label : GitHub Pages
source :
from : github
from-label : Launch
url : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub#GitHub_Pages (
local)
Source github_pages
label : GitHub Pages
url : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub#GitHub_Pages (
local)
Text :
Title : GitHub - Wikipedia
GitHub.
| Type of business |
|
|---|
[version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-1)[San
Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco), California,
U.S.[Founder(s)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_founder)
[Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner)[Chris
Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath)[P. J. Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett)- Scott
Chacon.
- Thomas Dohmke (CEO)
- Mike Taylor (CFO)
- Kyle Daigle (COO)
- Collaborative.
[version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)(GitHub) - AI development tools (
[GitHub Copilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Copilot)) [Web
host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service)(GitHub Pages)[Package
repository](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_repository)([npm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm))
[Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue)
[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
techcrunch.com-2)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3)[Parent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_company)
[Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft)(2018–present)[github](https://github.com/).com
[IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6)support.
[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-4)[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-5)[Users](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_user)
)[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)[ASN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number)
[36459](https://bgp.tools/as/36459)GitHub ([/ˈɡɪthʌb/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ⓘ) is a.
[proprietary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_software)developer platform that allows developers to create,
store, manage, and share their code. It uses.
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)to provide.
[distributed version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_version_control)and GitHub itself provides.
[access control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_control),
[bug tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug_tracking_system),
[software feature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_feature)requests,
[task management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_management),
[continuous integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration), and.
[wikis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki)for every project.
Headquartered in.
[[8]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-hugeinvestment-8)[California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California),
GitHub, Inc.has been a subsidiary of.
[Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft)since 2018.
[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-techcrunch-9)It is commonly used to host [open
source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source) software development projects. [10] As of January 2023,
GitHub reported having over 100 million developers.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)and more than 420 million.
[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-11)[repositories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repository_(version_control)),
including at least 28 million public repositories.
[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-12)It is the world's largest.
[[13]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-13)[source code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code)host as of June
2023.
Over five billion developer contributions were made to more than 500 million open source projects in 2024.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)
[[14]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-14)About.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=1)]
Founding.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=2)]
The development of the GitHub platform began on October 19, 2005.[[15]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
beginning-15)[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-githuboneyear-16) [17] The site was launched in April 2008 by.
[Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner),
[Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath),
[P. J. Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett)and Scott Chacon after it had been available for a few months as
a.
[beta release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_release).
Its name was chosen as a compound of.
[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-pastie-18)and.
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)hub.
[[19]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-19)Structure of the organization.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=3)]
GitHub, Inc. was originally a [flat organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_organization) with no middle
managers, instead relying on [self-management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_self-management). [20] Employees
could choose to work on projects that interested them (
[open allocation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_allocation)), but the chief executive set salaries.
[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-nyt-21)In 2014, the company added a layer of [middle
management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_management) in response to harassment allegations against its co-
founder and then-CEO, Thomas Preston-Werner, and his wife, Theresa Preston-Werner. As a result of the scandal, [Tom
Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner) resigned from his position as CEO. [22] Co-founder and
Product lead,
[Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath), became CEO.
[Julio Avalos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Avalos), then General Counsel and Administrative Officer, assumed
control over GitHub's business operations and day-to-day management.
[[23]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-23)Finance.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=4)]
GitHub was a [bootstrapped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship#Bootstrapping) [start-up
business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startup_company), which in its first years provided enough revenue to be funded
solely by its three founders and start taking on employees.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-24)
In July 2012, four years after the company was founded, [Andreessen
Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz) invested $100 million in [venture
capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture_capital) [8] with a $750 million valuation.
[[25]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-25)In July 2015 GitHub raised another $250 million (~$314 million in 2023) of
venture capital in a [series B round](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_B). The lead investor was [Sequoia
Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia_Capital), and other investors were [Andreessen
Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz), [Thrive
Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrive_Capital), IVP (Institutional Venture Partners) and other venture capital
funds.[[26]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-26) [27] The company was then valued at approximately $2 billion.
[[28]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-28)As of 2023, [update] GitHub was estimated to generate $1 billion in revenue
annually.
[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-techcrunch.com-2)History.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=5)]
The GitHub service was developed by [Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath), [P. J.
Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett), [Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-
Werner), and Scott Chacon using [Ruby on Rails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails), and started in February
2008. The company, GitHub, Inc., was formed in 2007 and is located in San
Francisco.[[29]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-29)
On February 24, 2009, GitHub announced that within the first year of being online, GitHub had accumulated over 46,000
public repositories, 17,000 of which were formed in the previous month. At that time, about 6,200 repositories had been
[forked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development)) at least once, and 4,600 had been merged.
That same year, the site was used by over 100,000 users, according to GitHub, [30] and had grown to host 90,000 unique
public repositories, 12,000 having been forked at least once, for a total of 135,000 repositories.
[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-31)In 2010, GitHub was hosting 1 million repositories. [32] A year later, this
number doubled.
[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-33)[ReadWriteWeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReadWriteWeb)reported that
GitHub had surpassed.
[SourceForge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge)and.
[Google Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Code)in total number of commits for the period of January to May
2011.
On January 16, 2013, GitHub passed the 3 million users mark and was then hosting more than 5 million repositories.
[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-34)By the end of the year, the number of repositories was twice as great,
reaching 10 million repositories.
[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-35)
[[36]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-36)In 2015, GitHub opened an office in Japan, its first outside of the
U.S.[[37]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-37)
On February 28, 2018, GitHub fell victim to the third-largest [distributed denial-of-
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_denial-of-service) (DDoS) attack in history, with incoming traffic
reaching a peak of about 1.35 terabits per second.[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DDOS-38)
On June 19, 2018, GitHub expanded its GitHub Education by offering free education bundles to all
schools.[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-39)[[40]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-40)
Acquisition by Microsoft.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=6)]
From 2012, [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft) became a significant user of GitHub, using it to host
open-source projects and development tools such as [.NET Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET), [Chakra
Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)), [MSBuild](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSBuild),
[PowerShell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerShell), [PowerToys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerToys),
[Visual Studio Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code), [Windows
Calculator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calculator), [Windows
Terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Terminal) and the bulk of its product documentation (now to be found on
[Microsoft Docs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Learn)).[[42]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
venturebeat-42)[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:1-43)
On June 4, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to acquire GitHub for US$7.5 billion (~$8.96 billion in 2023). The deal
closed on October 26, 2018. [44] GitHub continued to operate independently as a community, platform and business.
Under Microsoft, the service was led by.
[[45]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-45)[Xamarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamarin)'s.
[Nat Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman), reporting to.
[Scott Guthrie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Guthrie), executive vice president of Microsoft Cloud and AI.
Friedman resigned November 3, 2021, and was replaced by Thomas Dohmke.
[[46]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-46)There have been concerns from developers Kyle Simpson,
[JavaScript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript) trainer and author, and Rafael Laguna, CEO at [Open-
Xchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange) over Microsoft's purchase, citing uneasiness over Microsoft's
handling of previous acquisitions, such as [Nokia's mobile business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile) and
[Skype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype).[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-47)[[48]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-48)
This acquisition was in line with Microsoft's business strategy under CEO [Satya
Nadella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satya_Nadella), which has seen a larger focus on [cloud
computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing) services, alongside the development of and contributions to
open-source software.[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
techcrunch-9)[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:1-43)[[49]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-49) Harvard
Business Review argued that Microsoft was intending to acquire GitHub to get access to its user base, so it can be used
as a.
[loss leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_leader)to encourage the use of its other development products and
services.
[[50]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-50)Concerns over the sale bolstered interest in competitors:
[Bitbucket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitbucket) (owned by [Atlassian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlassian)),
[GitLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab) and [SourceForge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge) (owned by
[Slashdot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot)) reported that they had seen spikes in new users intending to migrate
projects from GitHub to their respective services.[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
atlassian-10reasons-51)[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-zdnet-
rivalsgain-52)[[53]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-53)[[54]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-54)[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-55)
In September 2019, GitHub acquired [Semmle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semmle), a code analysis tool. [56] In
February 2020, GitHub launched in India under the name GitHub India Private Limited.
In March 2020, GitHub announced that it was acquiring.
[[57]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-57)[npm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm_(software)), a JavaScript packaging
vendor, for an undisclosed sum of money.
The deal was closed on April 15, 2020.
[[58]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-58)
[[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-59)In early July 2020, the GitHub Archive Program was established to archive
its open-source code in perpetuity.[[60]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-blog-60)
Mascot.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=7)]
GitHub's [mascot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascot) is Mona, [61] an.
[anthropomorphized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphized)"octocat" with five.
[octopus-like arms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod_limb).
[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Octodex_FAQ-62)The character was created by graphic designer.
[[63]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Jaramillo-63)[Simon Oxley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Oxley)as.
[clip art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clip_art)to sell on.
[iStock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IStock),
a website that enables designers to market.
[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-64)[royalty-free](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty-free)
[digital images](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image). The illustration GitHub chose was a character that Oxley
had named Octopuss.
Since GitHub wanted Octopuss for their logo (a use that the iStock license disallows), they negotiated with Oxley to buy
exclusive rights to the image.
[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-64)
[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-64)GitHub renamed Octopuss to Octocat, [64] and trademarked the
character along with the new name.
Later, GitHub hired illustrator Cameron McEfee to adapt Octocat for different purposes on the website and promotional
materials; McEfee and various GitHub users have since created hundreds of variations of the character, which are
available on.
[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Octodex_FAQ-62)[The Octodex](https://octodex.github.com/).
[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-McEfee-65)
[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-66)Services.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=8)]
Projects on GitHub can be accessed and managed using the standard [Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) command-line
interface; all standard Git commands work with it. GitHub also allows users to browse public
[repositories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_repository) on the site. Multiple desktop clients and Git
[plugins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)) are also available. In addition, the site provides [social
networking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking)-like functions such as feeds, followers, wikis (using [wiki
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_software) called [Gollum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gollum_Wiki)), and
a [social network graph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaboration_graph) to display how developers work on their
versions ("[forks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development))") of a repository and what fork (and
branch within that fork) is newest.
Anyone can browse and download public repositories, but only registered users can contribute content to repositories.
With a registered user account, users can have discussions, manage repositories, submit contributions to others'
repositories, and [review changes to code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_review). GitHub began offering limited
private repositories at no cost in January 2019 (limited to three contributors per project). Previously, only public
repositories were free.[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-67)[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-68) [69]
On April 14, 2020, GitHub made "all of the core GitHub features" free for everyone, including "private repositories with
unlimited collaborators."
[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-70)The fundamental software that underpins GitHub is
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) itself, written by [Linus
Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds), creator of Linux. The additional software that provides the
GitHub user interface was written using [Ruby on Rails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails) and
[Erlang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)) by GitHub, Inc. developers Wanstrath, [71] Hyett,
and Preston-Werner.
Scope.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=9)]
The primary purpose of GitHub is to facilitate the [version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control) and
[issue tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issue_tracking_system) aspects of software development. Labels,
milestones, responsibility assignment, and a search engine are available for issue tracking. For version control, Git
(and, by extension, GitHub) allows [pull requests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull_request) to propose changes to the
source code. Users who can review the proposed changes can see a diff between the requested changes and approve them. In
Git terminology, this action is called "committing" and one instance of it is a "commit." A history of all commits is
kept and can be viewed at a later time.
In addition, GitHub supports the following formats and features:
- Documentation,
including automatically
rendered[[72]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-72)[README](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/README)files in a variety
of[Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown)-like file formats (see[README § On
GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/README#On_GitHub)) [Wikis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikis),with some
repositories consisting solely of wiki content. These include curated lists of recommended software which have become
known as awesome
lists.[[73]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-73)[[74]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-74)[[75]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-75)-
GitHub Codespaces, an.
[online IDE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_IDE)providing users with a virtual machine intended to be a work
environment to build and test
code[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-76)[[77]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-77)[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-78)
- Graphs: pulse, contributors, commits, code frequency, punch card, network, members.
- Integrations Directory.
[[79]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-79) - Email notifications.
[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-80) - Discussions.
[[81]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-81) - Option to subscribe someone to notifications by.
[@ mentioning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mention_(blogging))them.[[82]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-82)
[Emojis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji)[[83]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-83)- Nested.
[task-lists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_do_list)within files - Visualization of.
[geospatial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatial_analysis)data - 3D render files can be previewed using an
integrated STL file viewer that displays the files on a "3D canvas."
The viewer is powered
by[[84]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3d-84)[WebGL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebGL)and[Three.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three.js).
- Support for previewing many common image formats, including Photoshop's PSD files.
- PDF document viewer.
- Security Alerts of known.
[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)in different
packages.
GitHub's Terms of Service do not require public software projects hosted on GitHub to meet the [Open Source
Definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Definition). The [terms of
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_service) state, "By setting your repositories to be viewed publicly, you
agree to allow others to view and fork your repositories."[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-85)
GitHub Enterprise.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=10)]
GitHub Enterprise is a self-managed version of GitHub with similar functionality. It can be run on an organization's
hardware or a cloud provider and has been available as of November
2011.[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit) [86] In November 2020, source code for
GitHub Enterprise Server was leaked online in an apparent protest against DMCA takedown of.
[youtube-dl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube-dl). According to GitHub, the source code came from GitHub
accidentally sharing the code with Enterprise customers themselves, not from an attack on GitHub servers.
[[87]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-87)
[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-88)GitHub Pages.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=11)]
In 2008, GitHub introduced GitHub Pages, a [static](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_web_page) [web hosting
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service) for [blogs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog), project
documentation,[[89]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-89) [90] and books.
All GitHub Pages content is stored in a Git repository as files served to visitors verbatim or in.
[[91]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-91)[Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Flavored_Markdown)format.
GitHub is integrated with.
[Jekyll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jekyll_(software))static website and blog generator and GitHub continuous
integration pipelines. Each time the content source is updated, Jekyll regenerates the website and automatically serves
it via GitHub Pages infrastructure.
[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-92)Like the rest of GitHub, it includes free and paid service tiers. Websites
generated through this service are hosted either as [subdomains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdomain) of the
github.io domain or can be connected to custom [domains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name) bought through a
third-party [domain name registrar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_registrar). [93] GitHub Pages supports
HTTPS encryption.
[[94]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-94)
[[95]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-95)GitHub Actions.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=12)]
GitHub Actions was officially launched on November 13, 2019. It was first announced in October 2018 at GitHub Universe
as a way to automate workflows, but the full general availability (GA) release came a year later in 2019. GitHub
Actions, [96] which allows building.
[continuous integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration)and.
[continuous deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_deployment)pipelines for testing, releasing and
deploying software without the use of third-party websites/platforms. Unlike many other CI/CD tools, GitHub Actions
launched with a marketplace where developers could share and reuse prebuilt actions (e.g., testing, linting,
deployments). GitHub wanted to reduce reliance on third-party services and keep developers within the GitHub ecosystem.
GitHub Actions provided hosted runners (Linux, Windows, macOS) that could dynamically scale, eliminating the need for
self-managed build servers.
Gist.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=13)]
GitHub also operates a [pastebin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin)-style site called Gist, which is for [code
snippets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snippet_(programming)), as opposed to GitHub proper, which is usually used for
larger projects. [18] Tom Preston-Werner débuted the feature at a Ruby conference in 2008.
[[97]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-97)Gist builds on the traditional simple concept of a
[pastebin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin) by adding version control for code snippets, easy forking, and [TLS
encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security) for private pastes. Because each "gist" is its own
Git repository, multiple code snippets can be contained in a single page, and they can be pushed and pulled using
Git.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-98)
Unregistered users could upload Gists until March 19, 2018, when uploading Gists was restricted to logged-in users,
reportedly to mitigate [spamming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamming) on the page of recent
Gists.[[99]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-99)
Gists' [URLs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL) use hexadecimal IDs, and edits to Gists are recorded in a [revision
history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control), which can show the text difference of thirty revisions per page
with an option between a "split" and "unified" view. Like repositories, Gists can be forked, "starred", i.e., publicly
bookmarked, and commented on. The count of revisions, stars, and forks is indicated on the gist
page.[[100]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-100)
Education program.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=14)]
GitHub launched a new program called the GitHub Student Developer Pack to give students free access to more than a dozen
popular development tools and services. GitHub partnered with [Bitnami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitnami),
[Crowdflower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdflower), [DigitalOcean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigitalOcean),
DNSimple, [HackHands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HackHands), [Namecheap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namecheap),
Orchestrate, Screenhero, [SendGrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SendGrid),
[Stripe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripe_(company)), [Travis CI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI), and
[Unreal Engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine) to launch the
program.[[101]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-101)
In 2016, GitHub announced the launch of the GitHub Campus Experts program [102] to train and encourage students to grow
technology communities at their universities. The Campus Experts program is open to university students 18 years and
older worldwide.
GitHub Campus Experts are one of the primary ways that GitHub funds student-oriented events and communities, Campus
Experts are given access to training, funding, and additional resources to run events and grow their communities. To
become a Campus Expert, applicants must complete an online training course with multiple modules to develop community
leadership skills.
[[103]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-103)GitHub Marketplace service.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=15)]
GitHub also provides some [software as a service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service) (SaaS)
integrations for adding extra features to projects. Those services include:
- Waffle.io: project management for software teams, which allows users to automatically see pull requests, automated
builds, reviews, and deployments across repositories.
[[104]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-104) - Rollbar: provides real-time debugging tools and full-stack exception
reporting.
[[105]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-105)[[106]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-106) - Codebeat: automated
code analysis for web and mobile developers.
[][citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) [Travis
CI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI):[continuous
integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration)service.[][citation
needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)- GitLocalize: provides utilities to manage project
translation and internationalisation.
[][citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)
GitHub Sponsors.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=16)]
GitHub Sponsors allows users to make monthly money donations to projects hosted on GitHub. [107] The public beta was
announced on May 23, 2019, and the project accepts waitlist registrations.
[The Verge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Verge)said that GitHub Sponsors "works exactly like.
[Patreon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patreon)" because "developers can offer various funding tiers that come with
different perks, and they'll receive recurring payments from supporters who want to access them and encourage their
work" except with "zero fees to use the program." Furthermore, GitHub offers incentives for early adopters during the
first year: it pledges to cover payment processing costs and match sponsorship payments up to $5,000 per developer.
Furthermore, users can still use similar services like Patreon and Open Collective and link to their websites.
[[108]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-108)
[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-109)GitHub Archive Program.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=17)]
In July 2020, GitHub stored a February archive of the site [60] in an abandoned mountain mine in.
[Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard), Norway, part of the.
[Arctic World Archive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_World_Archive)and not far from the.
[Svalbard Global Seed Vault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard_Global_Seed_Vault). The archive contained the code
of all active public repositories, as well as that of dormant but significant public repositories. The 21.
[TB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabyte)of data was stored on.
piqlFilmarchival film reels as.
[matrix (2D) barcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode#Matrix_(2D)_barcodes)(
[Boxing barcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_barcode)), and is expected to last 500–1,000 years.
[[110]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-110)
[[111]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-111)
[[112]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-112)
[[113]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-buried-113)The GitHub Archive Program is also working with partners on
Project Silica, in an attempt to store all public repositories for 10,000 years. It aims to write archives into the
molecular structure of [quartz glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_glass) platters, using a high-precision
[petahertz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petahertz) pulse laser, i.e. one that pulses a
[quadrillion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrillion) (1,000,000,000,000,000) times per
second.[[113]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-buried-113)
Controversies.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=18)]
This article's.
may compromise the article's .
(April 2021) |
Harassment allegations.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=19)]
In March 2014, GitHub programmer Julie Ann Horvath alleged that founder and CEO Tom Preston-Werner engaged in a pattern
of [harassment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harassment) against her that led to her leaving the company. [114] In
April 2014, GitHub released a statement denying Horvath's allegations.
[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-115)
[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-NYTResigns-116)However, following an internal investigation, GitHub confirmed
the claims. GitHub's CEO Chris Wanstrath wrote on the company blog, "The investigation found Tom Preston-Werner in his
capacity as GitHub's CEO acted inappropriately, including confrontational conduct, disregard of workplace complaints,
insensitivity to the impact of his spouse's presence in the workplace, and failure to enforce an agreement that his
spouse should not work in the office."
[[117]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-117)Preston-Werner subsequently resigned from the company.
[[118]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Follow_up_to_the_investigation_results-118)The firm then announced it would
implement new initiatives and trainings "to make sure employee concerns and conflicts are taken seriously and dealt with
appropriately."
[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:0-119)
[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:0-119)Sanctions.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=20)]
On July 25, 2019, a developer based in Iran wrote on [Medium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_(website)) that
GitHub had blocked his private repositories and prohibited access to GitHub pages. [120] Soon after, GitHub confirmed
that it was now blocking developers in.
[Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran),
[Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea),
[Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba),
[North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea), and.
[Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria)from accessing private repositories.
However, GitHub reopened access to GitHub Pages days later, for public repositories regardless of location. It was also
revealed that using GitHub while visiting sanctioned countries could result in similar actions occurring on a user's
account. GitHub responded to complaints and the media through a spokesperson, saying:
[[121]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-121)GitHub is subject to US trade control laws, and is committed to full
compliance with applicable law. At the same time, GitHub's vision is to be the global platform for.
[developer]collaboration, no matter where developers reside. As a result, we take seriously our responsibility to
examine government mandates thoroughly to be certain that users and customers are not impacted beyond what is required
by law. This includes keeping public repositories services, including those for open source projects, available and
accessible to support personal communications involving developers in sanctioned regions.[[122]][[123]]
Developers who feel that they should not have restrictions can appeal for the removal of said restrictions, including
those who only travel to, and do not reside in, those countries. GitHub has forbidden the use of
[VPNs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network) and [IP
proxies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server) to access the site from sanctioned countries, as purchase history
and IP addresses are how they flag users, among other sources.[[124]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-124)
Censorship.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=21)]
On December 4, 2014, Russia blacklisted GitHub.com because GitHub initially refused to take down user-posted suicide
manuals. [125] After a day, Russia withdrew its block,
and GitHub began blocking specific content and pages in Russia.
[[126]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-126)On December 31, 2014, India blocked GitHub.com along with 31 other
websites over pro-
[[127]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-127)[ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS)content posted by users;
the block was lifted three days later.
[[128]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-128)On October 8, 2016, Turkey blocked GitHub to prevent email leakage of a
hacked account belonging to the country's energy minister.
[[129]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-129)
[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-130)On March 26, 2015, a large-scale
[DDoS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDoS) attack was launched against GitHub.com that lasted for just under five days.
[131] The attack, which appeared to originate from China, primarily targeted GitHub-hosted user content describing
methods of.
[circumventing Internet censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_circumvention).
[[132]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-132)
[[133]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-133)
[[134]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-134)On April 19, 2020, Chinese police detained Chen Mei and Cai Wei
(volunteers for Terminus 2049, a project hosted on GitHub), and accused them of "picking quarrels and provoking
trouble." Cai and Chen archived news articles, interviews, and other materials published on Chinese media outlets and
social media platforms that have been removed by censors in China.[[135]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-135)
ICE contract.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=22)]
GitHub has a $200,000 contract with [U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement) (ICE) for the use of their on-site
product GitHub Enterprise Server. This contract was renewed in 2019, despite internal opposition from many GitHub
employees. In an email sent to employees, later posted to the GitHub blog on October 9, 2019, CEO [Nat
Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman) stated, "The revenue from the purchase is less than $200,000 and
not financially material for our company." He announced that GitHub had pledged to donate $500,000 to "nonprofit groups
supporting immigrant communities targeted by [the current
administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump)." [136] In response, at least 150 GitHub
employees signed an open letter re-stating their opposition to the contract, and denouncing alleged human rights abuses
by ICE. As of November 13, 2019,
five workers had resigned over the contract.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)
[[137]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-137)
[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-138)
[[139]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-139)The ICE contract dispute came into focus again in June 2020 due to the
company's decision [to abandon "master/slave" branch
terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_(technology)#Controversy), spurred by the George Floyd
protests and [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) movement. [140] Detractors of GitHub
describe the branch renaming to be a form of.
[performative activism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performative_activism)and have urged GitHub to cancel their ICE
contract instead.
An open letter from members of the open source community was shared on GitHub in December 2019, demanding that the
company drop its contract with ICE and provide more transparency into how they conduct business and partnerships. The
letter has been signed by more than 700 people.
[[141]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-141)
[[142]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-142)Capitol riot comments and employee firing.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=23)]
In January 2021, GitHub fired one of its employees after he expressed concern for colleagues following the [January 6
United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack), calling some of the
rioters "[Nazis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazism)". [143] After an investigation, GitHub's COO said there were
"significant errors of judgment and procedure" with the company's decision to fire the employee. As a result of the
investigation, GitHub reached out to the employee, and the company's head of human resources resigned.
[[144]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-144)
[[145]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-145)Twitter source code leak.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=24)]
In 2023, parts of the social media platform [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) were uploaded onto GitHub.
The leak was first reported by the New York Times and was part of a legal filing Twitter submitted to the [United States
District Court for the Northern District of
California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California). Twitter
claimed that the postings infringed on copyright property owned by them, and asked the court for information to identify
the user who posted the source code to GitHub, under the username
"FreeSpeechEnthusiast".[[146]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-146)
Reception.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=25)]
In 2012, [Linus Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds), the original developer of Git, highly praised
GitHub, stating, "The hosting of github [ sic] is excellent. They've done a good job on that. I think GitHub should be
commended enormously for making open source project hosting so easy." However, he also sharply criticized the
implementation of GitHub's merging interface, saying, "Git comes with a nice pull-request generation module, but GitHub
instead decided to replace it with their own totally inferior version. As a result, I consider GitHub useless for these
kinds of things. It's fine for hosting, but the pull requests and the online commit editing, are just pure garbage."
[[147]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-147)
[[148]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-148)See also.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=26)]
[Collaborative innovation network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_innovation_network)[Collaborative
intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_intelligence)[Commons-based peer
production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production)[Comparison of source code hosting
facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_source_code_hosting_facilities)[DevOps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DevOps)[Gitea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitea)[GitLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab)[Codeberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeberg)[Timeline
of GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_GitHub)[GitHub
Copilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Copilot)[Replit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replit)
References.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=27)]
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Source Code Is Now Stored in an Arctic Vault"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/21-terabytes-of-open-source-code-is-now-
stored-in-an-arctic-vault/).Vice.com. Vice
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source-code-is-now-stored-in-an-arctic-vault)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2020.- ^
aByrne, Nate (August 12, 2020).b["Buried deep in the ice is the GitHub code
vault"](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-13/github-code-vault-in-artic-svalbard-safeguards-against-
calamity/12517948).ABC News. Australian Broadcasting
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vault-in-artic-svalbard-safeguards-against-calamity/12517948)from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August
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Valleywag_March_2014_114-0)["Meet the Married Duo Behind Tech's Biggest New Harassment
Scandal"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140317225437/http://valleywag.gawker.com/meet-the-married-duo-behind-techs-
biggest-new-harassme-1545685104).. Gawker. Archived from[Vallywag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallywag)[the
original](http://valleywag.gawker.com/meet-the-married-duo-behind-techs-biggest-new-harassme-1545685104)on March 17,
2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-115)["Results of the GitHub
Investigation"](https://github.blog/2014-04-21-results-of-the-github-investigation/).The GitHub Blog. April 22,
2014.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220713181543/https://github.blog/2014-04-21-results-of-the-github-
investigation/)from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved July 13, 2022.Miller, Claire Cain (April 21,
2014).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-NYTResigns_116-0)["GitHub Founder Resigns After
Investigation"](https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/github-founder-resigns-after-
investigation/?_php=true&_type=blogs&hp&_r=0).Bits. The New York
Times.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042210/https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/github-founder-
resigns-after-investigation/?_php=true&_type=blogs&hp=&_r=0)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved February 13,
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Based Harassment," Co-Founder Preston-Werner Resigns"](https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/21/github-denies-allegations-of-
gender-based-harassment-co-founder-preston-werner-
resigns/).TechCrunch.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042238/https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/21/github-
denies-allegations-of-gender-based-harassment-co-founder-preston-werner-resigns/)from the original on March 22, 2021.
Retrieved June 25, 2017.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-Follow_up_to_the_investigation_results_118-0)["Follow up
to the investigation results"](https://github.com/blog/1826-follow-up-to-the-investigation-results).GitHub. April 28,
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investigation-results/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2014.- ^
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pw/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2020. Saeedi Fard, Hamed (July 29,
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weapons"](https://medium.com/@hamed/github-blocked-my-account-and-they-think-im-developing-nuclear-
weapons-e7e1fe62cb74).Medium.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190811143236/https://medium.com/@hamed/github-
blocked-my-account-and-they-think-im-developing-nuclear-weapons-e7e1fe62cb74)from the original on August 11, 2019.
Retrieved August 12, 2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-121)["GitHub confirms it has blocked developers in Iran,
Syria and Crimea"](https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/29/github-ban-sanctioned-countries/).TechCrunch. July 29,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230117060041/https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/29/github-ban-sanctioned-
countries/)from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2019.Tung,
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sanctions"](https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-starts-blocking-developers-in-countries-facing-us-trade-
sanctions/).ZDNet.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190924024105/https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-starts-
blocking-developers-in-countries-facing-us-trade-sanctions/)from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved August
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trade-sanctions-developers-restricted-crimea-cuba-iran-north-korea-syria).The
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russia/)..[TechCrunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechCrunch)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170706170940/https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/03/github-
russia/)from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved June 25, 2017.McMillan,
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Blacklist, GitHub Has Blocked Access To Pages That Highlight Suicide"](https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/05/to-get-off-
russias-blacklist-github-has-blocked-access-to-pages-that-highlight-suicide/).TechCrunch. December 5,
2014.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230117060529/https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/05/to-get-off-russias-
blacklist-github-has-blocked-access-to-pages-that-highlight-suicide/)from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved
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github-30-sites-blocked-india-content-isis/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2018.Wright, Mic
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banned/).The Next Web.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043020/https://thenextweb.com/in/2015/01/02/india-
lifts-blocks-github-vimeo-dailymotion-weebly-others-remain-banned/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved
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2016.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043012/https://www.siliconrepublic.com/enterprise/turkey-github-
dropbox-onedrive-recep-tayyip-erdogan)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 11,
2016.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-131)["Large Scale DDoS Attack on
github.com"](https://github.com/blog/1981-large-scale-ddos-attack-on-github-com). GitHub. March 27,
2015.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150328034203/https://github.com/blog/1981-large-scale-ddos-attack-on-
github-com)from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved March 31,
2015.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-132)["Last night, GitHub was hit with massive denial-of-service attack from
China"](https://www.theverge.com/2015/3/27/8299555/github-china-ddos-censorship-great-firewall).. March 27, 2015.[The
Verge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Verge)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043021/https://www.theverge.com/2015/3/27/8299555/github-
china-ddos-censorship-great-firewall)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 27,
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2015.[The Wall Street
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coding-website-github-hit-with-cyberattack-1427638940)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 29,
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government"](https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-
government/).. March 31, 2015.[Ars
Technica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_Technica)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043017/https://arstechnica.com/information-
technology/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government/)from the original on March 22,
2021. Retrieved April 1, 2015.Human Rights Watch (April 27, 2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-135)["China:
Free Covid-19 Activists, 'Citizen
Journalists'"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200827224311/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/27/china-free-
covid-19-activists-citizen-journalists). Archived from[the original](https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/27/china-free-
covid-19-activists-citizen-journalists)on August 27, 2020. Retrieved August 27,
2020.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-136)["GitHub and US Government
developers"](https://github.blog/2019-10-09-github-and-us-government-developers/).The GitHub Blog. GitHub. October 9,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042959/https://github.blog/2019-10-09-github-and-us-government-
developers/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 10,
2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-137)["As GitHub's Conference Begins, Five Employees Resign Over ICE
Contract"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/as-githubs-conference-begins-five-employees-resign-over-protest-ice-
contract/).Vice. November 13,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043012/https://www.vice.com/en/article/evjwwp/as-githubs-conference-
begins-five-employees-resign-over-protest-ice-contract)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 15,
2019.Ghaffary, Shirin (October 9, 2019).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-138)["GitHub is the latest tech company to
face controversy over its contracts with ICE"](https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/10/9/20906605/github-ice-contract-
immigration-ice-dan-
friedman).Vox.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043021/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/10/9/20906605/github-
ice-contract-immigration-ice-dan-friedman)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 15,
2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-139)["Letter from GitHub employees to CEO about the company's ICE
contract"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/letter-from-github-employees-to-ceo-about-the-company-s-ice-
contract/fb280de9-2bc3-40d5-b1a5-e3b954bf0d25/).The Washington Post. October 9,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043039/https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/letter-from-github-
employees-to-ceo-about-the-company-s-ice-contract/fb280de9-2bc3-40d5-b1a5-e3b954bf0d25/)from the original on March 22,
2021. Retrieved November 15, 2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-140)["GitHub abandons 'master' term to avoid
slavery row"](https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53050955).BBC News. June 15,
2020.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043006/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53050955)from the
original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2020.Hussain, Suhauna; Bhuiyan, Johana (June 13,
2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-141)["After GitHub CEO backs Black Lives Matter, workers demand an end to
ICE contract"](https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-06-12/github-ceo-black-lives-matter-employees-
demand-end-ice-contract).Los Angeles
Times.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043014/https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-06-12/github-
ceo-black-lives-matter-employees-demand-end-ice-contract)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved July 1,
2020.Truong, Kevin (July 20, 2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-142)["The Open Source Community Is Calling on
Github to 'Drop ICE'"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/open-source-community-changing-github-avatars-drop-
ice/).Vice.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043019/https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7jpgy/open-source-
community-changing-github-avatars-drop-ice)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2020.Chan, Rosalie
(January 12, 2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-143)["EXCLUSIVE: GitHub is facing employee backlash after the
firing of a Jewish employee who suggested 'Nazis are about' on the day of the US Capitol
siege"](https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-github-backlash-jewish-employee-termination-2021-1).Business
Insider.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043002/https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-github-backlash-
jewish-employee-termination-2021-1)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.Dickey, Megan Rose
(January 15, 2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-144)["Fired GitHub employee who warned co-workers about Nazis
is seeking legal counsel"](https://techcrunch.com/2021/01/15/fired-github-employee-who-warned-coworkers-about-nazis-is-
seeking-legal-
counsel/).TechCrunch.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043026/https://techcrunch.com/2021/01/15/fired-
github-employee-who-warned-coworkers-about-nazis-is-seeking-legal-counsel/)from the original on March 22, 2021.
Retrieved January 18, 2021.Higgins-Dunn, Noah (January 17, 2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-145)["GitHub head
of HR resigns after investigation into firing of Jewish employee over Capitol riot
comments"](https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/17/github-hr-head-resigns-after-investigation-of-firing-jewish-employee.html).
CNBC.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210118091024/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/17/github-hr-head-resigns-after-
investigation-of-firing-jewish-employee.html)from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 18,
2021.D'Innocenzio, Anne (March 27, 2023).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-146)["Twitter hunts Github user who
posted source code online"](https://apnews.com/article/twitter-source-code-github-
leak-3e79927806911f9ee112b0383b51102a). AP News. Retrieved March 27, 2023.McMillan, Robert (May 11,
2012).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-147)["Linus Torvalds Invented Git, But He Pulls No Patches With
GitHub"](https://www.wired.com/2012/05/torvalds-
github/).Wired.[ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier))[1059-1028](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028).[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211205182545/https://www.wired.com/2012/05/torvalds-
github/)from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2022.Tim Anderson (September 6,
2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-148)["GitHub merges 'useless garbage' says Linus Torvalds as new NTFS
support added to Linux kernel 5.15"](https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/06/github_merges_useless_garbage_says/)..[The
Register](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Register)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220127204556/https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/06/github_merges_useless_garbage_says/)from
the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
External links.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=28)]
[Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata)has the property:
-
(see[GitHub username
(P2037)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P2037)[uses](https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP2037%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P2037%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000))
[GitHub](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GitHub).
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category):
[GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:GitHub)[2018 mergers and
acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2018_mergers_and_acquisitions)[Bug and issue tracking
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bug_and_issue_tracking_software)[Cloud computing
providers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing_providers)[Collaborative
projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Collaborative_projects)[Computing
websites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computing_websites)[Cross-platform
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cross-platform_software)[Internet properties established in
2008](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Internet_properties_established_in_2008)[Microsoft
acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft_acquisitions)[Microsoft
subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft_subsidiaries)[Microsoft
websites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft_websites)[Open-source software hosting
facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Open-source_software_hosting_facilities)[Project management
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Project_management_software)[Remote
companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Remote_companies)[Git repository hosting
websites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Git_repository_hosting_websites)
Analyse :
{
"mood": {
"sentiment_general": "Positive",
"polarite": 0.169,
"subjectivite": 0.498,
"scores_vader": {
"positif": 0.099,
"neutre": 0.853,
"negatif": 0.048,
"compose": 1.0
}
},
"words": {
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649
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51
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],
[
"Mascot",
2
],
[
"Oxley",
2
],
[
"Octopuss",
2
],
[
"Chris Wanstrath",
2
],
[
"Tom",
2
],
[
"Jon",
2
],
[
"Kevin",
2
],
[
"Robert",
2
],
[
"Mike Taylor",
1
],
[
"Thomas Preston-Werner",
1
],
[
"Theresa Preston-Werner",
1
],
[
"Julio",
1
],
[
"P._J._Hyett",
1
],
[
"Kyle Simpson",
1
],
[
"Rafael Laguna",
1
],
[
"Satya",
1
],
[
"edit\u00a7ion=7",
1
],
[
"Mona",
1
],
[
"Cameron McEfee",
1
],
[
"McEfee",
1
],
[
"Wanstrath",
1
],
[
"Labels",
1
],
[
"Jekyll",
1
],
[
"Gist",
1
],
[
"Bitnami",
1
],
[
"Screenhero",
1
],
[
"a Campus Expert",
1
],
[
"Marketplace",
1
],
[
"Svalbard",
1
],
[
"Julie Ann Horvath",
1
],
[
"Horvath",
1
],
[
"edit\u00a7ion=20",
1
],
[
"Chen Mei",
1
],
[
"Cai Wei",
1
],
[
"Cai",
1
],
[
"Chen",
1
],
[
"the George Floyd",
1
],
[
"edit\u00a7ion=23",
1
],
[
"Twitter",
1
],
[
"Thomas",
1
],
[
"Kristina",
1
],
[
"Josh",
1
],
[
"Ryan",
1
],
[
"Quentin",
1
],
[
"Rusli",
1
],
[
"Carney",
1
],
[
"VC Andreessen",
1
],
[
"Sequoia",
1
],
[
"Alexander",
1
],
[
"P. J.",
1
],
[
"Dan",
1
],
[
"Kyle",
1
],
[
"Sourceforge",
1
],
[
"Robin",
1
],
[
"Brian",
1
],
[
"Matthew",
1
],
[
"Octoverse",
1
],
[
"Warren",
1
],
[
"2018.Horwitz",
1
],
[
"Ivan",
1
],
[
"Jeremy",
1
],
[
"Tony",
1
],
[
"Simon Oxley",
1
],
[
"Nat",
1
],
[
"Leonardo",
1
],
[
"Eric",
1
],
[
"Jim",
1
],
[
"Peter",
1
],
[
"Uday R.",
1
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[
"Parker",
1
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[
"Bill",
1
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[
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1
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[
"Katie",
1
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[
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1
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[
"Alex",
1
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[
"tom-pw/)from",
1
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[
"Saeedi Fard",
1
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[
"Conference Begins",
1
],
[
"Suhauna",
1
],
[
"Johana",
1
],
[
"Rosalie",
1
],
[
"Megan Rose",
1
],
[
"Noah",
1
],
[
"Anne",
1
],
[
"Torvalds Invented Git",
1
],
[
"Anderson",
1
]
]
},
"countries": [
[
"US",
18
],
[
"Russia",
4
],
[
"/Continuous_integration)and",
1
]
],
"ident": {
"idents": [
[
"github",
1
],
[
"thomas dohmke",
1
],
[
"microsoft",
1
],
[
"satya nadella",
1
],
[
"bitbucket",
1
],
[
"gitlab",
1
]
],
"orgs": [
[
"github",
1
],
[
"microsoft",
1
],
[
"bitbucket",
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],
[
"gitlab",
1
]
]
}
}
Link github__Launch__github_pages
from : github
label : Launch
sources : github_pages
to : github_pages
Event github_pages_quickstart
label : GitHub PagesnQuickstart
source :
from : github
from-label : Quickstart
Source github_pages_quickstart
label : GitHub PagesnQuickstart
Text :
Title : Quickstart for GitHub Pages - GitHub Docs
Excerpt : You can use GitHub Pages to showcase some open source projects, host a blog, or even share your résumé. This guide will help get you started on creating your next website.
[Introduction](https://docs-internal.github.com#introduction)
In this guide, you'll create a user site at <username>.github.io.
.
[Creating your website](https://docs-internal.github.com#creating-your-website)
-
In the upper-right corner of any page, select , then click.
New repository. -
Enter.
username.github.io.
as the repository name. Replaceusername.
with your GitHub username. For example, if your username isoctocat.
, the repository name should beoctocat.github.io.
. -
Choose a repository visibility. For more information, see.
[About repositories](https://docs-internal.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/about-
repositories#about-repository-visibility). -
Select.
Initialize this repository with a README. -
Click.
Create repository. -
Under your repository name, click.
Settings. If you cannot see the "Settings" tab, select the dropdown menu, then clickSettings. -
In the "Code and automation" section of the sidebar, click.
Pages. -
Under "Build and deployment", under "Source", select.
Deploy from a branch. -
Under "Build and deployment", under "Branch", use the branch dropdown menu and select a publishing source.
-
Optionally, open the.
README.md.
file of your repository. TheREADME.md.
file is where you will write the content for your site. You can edit the file or keep the default content for now. -
Visit.
username.github.io.
to view your new website. Note that it can take up to 10 minutes for changes to your site to publish after you push the
changes to GitHub.
[Changing the title and description](https://docs-internal.github.com#changing-the-title-and-description)
By default, the title of your site is username.github.io.
. You can change the title by editing the _config.yml.
file in your repository. You can also add a description for your site.
-
Click the.
Codetab of your repository. -
In the file list, click.
_config.yml.
to open the file. -
Click to edit the file.
-
The.
_config.yml.
file already contains a line that specifies the theme for your site. Add a new line withtitle:
followed by the title you want. Add a new line withdescription:
followed by the description you want. For example:theme: jekyll-theme-minimal title: Octocat's homepage description:
Bookmark this to keep an eye on my project updates!
-
When you are finished editing the file, click.
Commit changes.
[Next Steps](https://docs-internal.github.com#next-steps)
You've successfully created, personalized, and published your first GitHub Pages website but there's so much more to
explore! Here are some helpful resources for taking your next steps with GitHub Pages:
[Adding content to your GitHub Pages site using Jekyll](https://docs-internal.github.com/en/pages/setting-up-a-github-
pages-site-with-jekyll/adding-content-to-your-github-pages-site-using-jekyll#about-content-in-jekyll-sites): This guide
explains how to add additional pages to your site.[Configuring a custom domain for your GitHub Pages site](https://docs-
internal.github.com/en/pages/configuring-a-custom-domain-for-your-github-pages-site): You can host your site on
GitHub'sgithub.io.
domain or your own custom domain.
Analyse :
{
"mood": {
"sentiment_general": "Positive",
"polarite": 0.182,
"subjectivite": 0.507,
"scores_vader": {
"positif": 0.039,
"neutre": 0.961,
"negatif": 0.0,
"compose": 0.872
}
},
"words": {
"commons": [
[
"github",
22
],
[
"file",
9
],
[
"click",
8
],
[
"internal",
7
],
[
"username",
6
],
[
"select",
5
],
[
"content",
5
],
[
"description",
5
],
[
"jekyll",
5
],
[
"website",
4
],
[
"add",
4
],
[
"domain",
4
],
[
"creating",
3
],
[
"name",
3
],
[
"branch",
3
],
[
"changes",
3
],
[
"yml",
3
],
[
"line",
3
],
[
"theme",
3
],
[
"next",
3
],
[
"steps",
3
],
[
"custom",
3
],
[
"introduction",
2
],
[
"guide",
2
],
[
"create",
2
],
[
"example",
2
],
[
"visibility",
2
],
[
"see",
2
],
[
"readme",
2
],
[
"settings",
2
],
[
"dropdown",
2
],
[
"menu",
2
],
[
"build",
2
],
[
"deployment",
2
],
[
"keep",
2
],
[
"default",
2
],
[
"changing",
2
],
[
"editing",
2
],
[
"followed",
2
],
[
"want",
2
],
[
"adding",
2
],
[
"using",
2
],
[
"configuring",
2
],
[
"user",
1
],
[
"upper",
1
],
[
"right",
1
],
[
"corner",
1
],
[
"page",
1
],
[
"enter",
1
],
[
"replaceusername",
1
],
[
"isoctocat",
1
],
[
"beoctocat",
1
],
[
"choose",
1
],
[
"information",
1
],
[
"managing",
1
],
[
"initialize",
1
],
[
"tab",
1
],
[
"clicksettings",
1
],
[
"automation",
1
],
[
"section",
1
],
[
"sidebar",
1
],
[
"deploy",
1
],
[
"use",
1
],
[
"publishing",
1
],
[
"optionally",
1
],
[
"thereadme",
1
],
[
"write",
1
],
[
"visit",
1
],
[
"view",
1
],
[
"note",
1
],
[
"take",
1
],
[
"minutes",
1
],
[
"publish",
1
],
[
"push",
1
],
[
"change",
1
],
[
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1
],
[
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1
],
[
"list",
1
],
[
"already",
1
],
[
"contains",
1
],
[
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1
],
[
"withtitle",
1
],
[
"withdescription",
1
],
[
"minimal",
1
],
[
"octocat",
1
],
[
"homepage",
1
],
[
"bookmark",
1
],
[
"eye",
1
],
[
"project",
1
],
[
"updates",
1
],
[
"finished",
1
],
[
"commit",
1
],
[
"successfully",
1
],
[
"created",
1
],
[
"personalized",
1
],
[
"published",
1
],
[
"first",
1
],
[
"much",
1
],
[
"explore",
1
],
[
"helpful",
1
],
[
"resources",
1
],
[
"taking",
1
],
[
"setting",
1
],
[
"sites",
1
],
[
"explains",
1
],
[
"additional",
1
],
[
"host",
1
],
[
"sgithub",
1
]
],
"lists": []
},
"people": {
"commons": [
[
"Creating",
1
],
[
"Replaceusername",
1
],
[
"Octocat",
1
],
[
"Bookmark",
1
]
]
},
"countries": [],
"ident": {
"idents": [
[
"github",
1
]
],
"orgs": [
[
"github",
1
]
]
}
}
Link github__Quickstart__github_pages_quickstart
from : github
label : Quickstart
sources : github_pages_quickstart
to : github_pages_quickstart
Quote github_pages_quickstart__Refer to__github_pages
label : Refer to
from : github_pages_quickstart
to : github_pages
Event github_universe_2025
label : GitHubnUniverse 2025
description : GitHub Universe 2025 - October 28-29 - San Francisco, CA
source :
from : github
from-label : Organize
from-begin : 2025-10-28
from-end : 2025-10-29
url : https://githubuniverse.com/ (
local)
GitHub’s two-day developer event celebrating innovation, collaboration, and the boundless potential of AI-powered development.
Source github_universe_2025
label : GitHubnUniverse 2025
description : GitHub Universe 2025 - October 28-29 - San Francisco, CA
url : https://githubuniverse.com/ (
local)
Text :
Title : GitHub Universe
Excerpt : GitHub's global developer event is back. Join the world's fair of software.
October 28-29.
San Francisco, CA.
In-person and virtual.
GitHub’s two-day developer event celebrating innovation, collaboration, and the boundless potential of AI-powered
development.
[Get passes](/pricing)
Video showing highlights from last year’s GitHub Universe at Fort Mason Center, including keynote speakers on stage,
attendees exploring interactive exhibits, and the vibrant Demos and Donuts wall.
Universe is where.
dreamers become.
builders.
Here’s what you’ll enjoy.
- BE WITH YOUR PEOPLE.
Connect with like-minded developers, network with your open source heroes, and meet tech leaders you can stay in touch
with long after the event is over.
- LEARN SOMETHING NEW.
Explore AI agents, automation, and tools that can bring your ideas to life in the format that works best for you—through
workshops, panels, interactive product demos, and more.
- HEAR THE LATEST.
There’s something a little magical about discovering new products and features the moment they’re released—and that’s
what you’ll get at GitHub Universe.
- REVEL IN THE PERKS.
Yeah, GitHub Universe is really fun (especially when it’s wonderland-themed!). Expect surprises and interactive
experiences like the Makerspace and Open Source Zone.
Save your seat.
Save $700 while supplies last during Super Early Bird.
NOW to July 8Save $400 while supplies last during Early Bird.
July 9 to Sept 8Full price until sold out.
Sept 9.
General admission pass.
Get full access to sessions, partner showcases, all day eats, and more—at our lowest price of the year.
$799$1,499 USD per passSave $700 with Super Early Bird until July 8.
What's included.
- Access to sessions, panels, demos.
- Get certified in Security, GitHub Copilot, and more.
- Chat with GitHub experts.
- Networking opportunities.
- A programmable badge.
- Partner showcases.
- Breakfast, lunch, snacks, and drinks.
- Access to exclusive merch at The GitHub Shop.
Virtual pass.
Join the global developer community online. Watch keynotes live and catch available sessions on-demand.
FreeAlways.
What's included.
- Full access to live-streamed keynotes and content.
- Full access to recorded sessions once they’re available.
Come as a crew.
It’s more fun (and productive) with your people.
$599$799 USD per passGet an extra 25% off when you buy 3 or more passes.
What's included.
- Access to sessions, panels, demos.
- Get certified in Security, GitHub Copilot, and more.
- Chat with GitHub experts.
- Networking opportunities.
- A programmable badge.
- Partner showcases.
- Breakfast, lunch, snacks, and drinks.
- Access to exclusive merch at The GitHub Shop.
Bring your team.
Build momentum together at Universe.
$519$799 USD per passGet 35% off when you buy 8 or more passes.
What's included.
- Access to sessions, panels, demos.
- Get certified in Security, GitHub Copilot, and more.
- Chat with GitHub experts.
- Networking opportunities.
- A programmable badge.
- Partner showcases.
- Breakfast, lunch, snacks, and drinks.
- Access to exclusive merch at The GitHub Shop.
Ready to attend GitHub Universe?
Make the case with a customizable email template.[Convince your manager](/convince)
Agenda.
[Sign up for updates](#signup)
Oct 27: Day 00.
- Invite-only special programming.
If you're on the list, we’ll be in touch soon!
Oct 28: Day 01.
- Doors open at Fort Mason Center.
Pick up your badge, breakfast, and your favorite morning beverage.
- Sessions, demos, and surprises.
Keynote, sessions, demos & donuts, interactive experiences, The Shop, and more.
- Optional evening events.
Join GitHub and our partners at a selection of evening events.
Oct 29: Day 02.
- Doors open at Fort Mason Center.
Grab breakfast, your favorite drink, and reconnect with friends you made on day 1.
- Sessions, demos, and surprises.
Keynote, sessions, demos & donuts, interactive experiences, The Shop, and more.
- Universe sessions end.
It’s not “goodbye” but “see you next year!”.
Oct 30: Day 03.
- GitHub Certification testing.
Sign up to take an on-site GitHub certification exam, included with your in-person pass.
Browse last year’s sessions.
Your story starts here.
FAQ.
Where and when is Universe?
Where and when. Universe will take place on October 28 - 29, 2025 at [Fort Mason Center for Arts &
Culture](https://fortmason.org/) in San Francisco, CA. Broadcast times and schedule will be announced in September.
Are there sponsorship opportunities for GitHub Universe?
We have a limited number of sponsorship opportunities available for GitHub Universe. To learn more, visit [event-
sponsorship.github.com](http://event-sponsorship.github.com/) or email us at
[eventsponsorship@github.com](mailto:eventsponsorship@github.com).
I’m traveling from outside the US. Can you help with my VISA application?
You can find information on our visa request process and [visa specific
FAQ's](https://static.rainfocus.com/github/universe25/static/staticfile/staticfile/Universe%202025%20VISA%20FAQ%27s_1746041547322001puFM.pdf).
How long will registration remain open?
Registration opens May 13 and will remain open until passes sell out. Be sure to grab your ticket early to take
advantage of discounted pricing — standard rates go into effect in early September. Early Bird passes will sell out!
Do you offer discounted passes or discounted pricing for students and non-profits?
Yes, we offer group discounts for those that want to bring along their teams! If you purchase 3+ passes you’ll receive
25% off each ticket and with 8+ passes you’ll receive 35% off.
We also have a limited number of discounted passes for students and non-profit organizations. Please reach out to
[events@github.com](mailto:events@github.com) for more information.
Are there speaking opportunities at GitHub Universe?
Our Call for Sessions for Universe 2025 is now closed. Keep an eye out early next year for the Universe 2026 Call for
Sessions — we’re always excited to hear new voices and ideas from across the community.
Is there a hotel room block for GitHub Universe?
You bet! We’ve contracted with several hotels in the Fisherman’s Wharf area. Booking links will be available in your
[attendee portal](https://reg.githubuniverse.com/flow/github/universe25/attendee-portal) after you complete registering
for the event.
Which airports are closest to San Francisco?
San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is the closest major airport, an easy BART ride, or a 25-minute drive from
downtown. Alternatively, the Oakland International Airport (OAK) is a 35-minute drive over the Bay Bridge and is also
accessible by BART. Lastly, the San Jose International Airport (SJC) is a one-hour drive from the South Bay, accessible
by Caltrain.
What accessibility resources will be available at Universe?
We’re committed to making Universe as accessible and inclusive as possible. All sessions — with the exception of
Discussion Lounge, Sandbox sessions, and workshops — will have real-time captioning, and our main stage will include
American Sign Language (ASL) interpretation. We’ll also have dedicated onsite spaces for prayer and nursing parents.
Fort Mason is a historic venue that has been retrofitted to meet ADA standards, though some routes may take a bit longer
to navigate due to the layout of the space. If you have any specific accessibility needs or concerns, email us at
[universeaccessibility@github.com](mailto:universeaccessibility@github.com) — we’re here to help.
Where can I find information about and make adjustments to my registration details?
You can download a copy of your receipt and make modifications to your details (including pass cancellation) in your
registration profile in the [attendee portal](https://reg.githubuniverse.com/flow/github/universe25/attendee-portal). If
you would like a confirmation email, please email: [events@github.com](mailto:events@github.com).
Who should I contact if I have special dietary needs or allergies?
We do our best to accommodate a wide range of dietary needs across all meals and snacks and will have options for vegan,
vegetarian, gluten-free, and dairy-free attendees. If you have a specific allergy or concern outside of this, email us
at [events@github.com](mailto:events@github.com) and we’ll do our best to support you.
What policies should I be aware of as an attendee?
When registering for this event, you will be asked to agree to our Event Terms and Conditions. You can preview these
terms before registering [here](https://docs.github.com/en/site-policy/github-terms/github-event-terms).
Have a specific question that you didn’t find here?
Email your question to us at [events@github.com](mailto:events@github.com).
Experience the developer wonderland.
[Get passes](/pricing)
Analyse :
{
"mood": {
"sentiment_general": "Positive",
"polarite": 0.183,
"subjectivite": 0.385,
"scores_vader": {
"positif": 0.113,
"neutre": 0.879,
"negatif": 0.008,
"compose": 0.999
}
},
"words": {
"commons": [
[
"github",
41
],
[
"universe",
18
],
[
"passes",
10
],
[
"events",
10
],
[
"demos",
9
],
[
"access",
9
],
[
"event",
8
],
[
"day",
7
],
[
"get",
7
],
[
"early",
7
],
[
"email",
7
],
[
"opportunities",
6
],
[
"mailto",
6
],
[
"san",
5
],
[
"year",
5
],
[
"fort",
5
],
[
"mason",
5
],
[
"interactive",
5
],
[
"included",
5
],
[
"breakfast",
5
],
[
"shop",
5
],
[
"available",
5
],
[
"attendee",
5
],
[
"francisco",
4
],
[
"pricing",
4
],
[
"last",
4
],
[
"center",
4
],
[
"panels",
4
],
[
"bird",
4
],
[
"pass",
4
],
[
"partner",
4
],
[
"showcases",
4
],
[
"badge",
4
],
[
"snacks",
4
],
[
"oct",
4
],
[
"take",
4
],
[
"sponsorship",
4
],
[
"specific",
4
],
[
"registration",
4
],
[
"discounted",
4
],
[
"portal",
4
],
[
"airport",
4
],
[
"terms",
4
],
[
"keynote",
3
],
[
"donuts",
3
],
[
"like",
3
],
[
"bring",
3
],
[
"best",
3
],
[
"surprises",
3
],
[
"experiences",
3
],
[
"full",
3
],
[
"usd",
3
],
[
"per",
3
],
[
"certified",
3
],
[
"security",
3
],
[
"copilot",
3
],
[
"chat",
3
],
[
"experts",
3
],
[
"networking",
3
],
[
"programmable",
3
],
[
"lunch",
3
],
[
"drinks",
3
],
[
"exclusive",
3
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Link github__Organize__github_universe_2025
from : github
label : Organize
begin : 2025-10-28
end : 2025-10-29
sources : github_universe_2025
to : github_universe_2025
Ident Thomas_Dohmke
label : Thomas Dohmke
source :
cats : other
orgs : github
local : (
local)
He loves building products that make developers' lives easier
Source Thomas_Dohmke
local : (
local)orgs : github
cats : other
label : Thomas_Dohmke
Analyse :
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[
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[
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
"industry",
1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
"testers",
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[
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1
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[
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[
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"founded",
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[
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[
"linde",
1
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[
"stefan",
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[
"haubold",
1
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[
"michael",
1
],
[
"simmons",
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[
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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[
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[
"services",
1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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[
"apple",
1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
"crashlytics",
1
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[
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1
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[
"building",
1
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[
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[
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"focusing",
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"Strategic Programs",
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[
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[
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[
"Zattoo",
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[
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}
Relation Thomas_Dohmke__CEO__github
label : CEO
from : Thomas_Dohmke
begin : 2021-11-01
to : github
You
Microsoft¶
Org microsoft
label : Microsoft
Ident microsoft
label : Microsoft
orgs : microsoft
Ident sun
label : SunnMicrosystems
from : Satya_Nadella
from-label : worked
from-end : 2014-01-01
Relation Satya_Nadella__worked__sun
from : Satya_Nadella
label : worked
end : 2014-01-01
to : sun
Ident Satya_Nadella
label : Satya Nadella
source :
cats : other
orgs : microsoft
to : microsoft
to-label : CEO
to-begin : 2014-02-04
Born 19 August 1967
Source Satya_Nadella
orgs : microsoft
cats : other
label : Satya_Nadella
Text :
Title : Satya Nadella — Wikipédia
Satya Nadella. || --- || Birth | || --- | --- || Name in the mother tongue | సత్య నాదత్యసనా or सत्यनारायण नडेला ||
Nationality | || Home | || Training | Manipal Institute of Technology. || Activities ||| Activity period | Since ||
Family | 4 children || Spouse | Anupama Nadella || Worked for ||| --- | --- || Website | || Distinctions | Detailed
list.pravasi Bharatiya Samman (| Satya Narayana Nadella (in [Telougou] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/t%C3%A9lougou)
సత్య నాదెళ్ల నాదెళ్ల నాదెళ్ల నాదెళ్ల), born on [Hyderabad] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/hyderabad), [India]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/inde), is the [President-Director General] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/pr%C3%A9sident-
director_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral) (CEO) (CEO) (CEO) [Microsoft] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft) [1]. It was
previously vice-president of the "Cloud and company" branch of this company, in particular responsible for the
management and evolution of computer platforms (servers and workstations) of the "Development" branch and "cloud"
activities (dematerialized activities) American citizenship [2]. IMEUSSE AND STUDIES. [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?ttle=Satya_NADELLA&VEACTION=EDITIALE=1) | [Modify the Code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&ction=edit§ion=1)] Satya Nadella was born in Hyderabad, in the
[State Indian] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27inde) from [Andhra Pradesh]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/andhra_pradesh), in a family [Hindu] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/hindoue) speaking the
[telougou] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/t%C3%A9lougou) [[3]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3), [[4]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-4), [5]. Prabhavati Yugandhar, was a speaker in. [Sanskrit]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/sanskrit) at. [[6]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-6) [sri padmaavathi College]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=sri_padmavati_Mahila_visvavidyam&ction=edit&redLink=1) [(en)] (ht TPS:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sri_padmavati_mahila_visvavidyalayam) from. [Tirupati] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/tiruPati)
and His father, Bukkapuram Nadella Yugandhar, was a civil servant within. [[7]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
nadelfamily-7) [Indian administrative public service] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/function_publique_en_inde) (IAS) As
long as the secretary of the former. [Indian Prime Ministers]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/premier_minister_de_l%27inde) [narasimha rao]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/pamulaparthi_venkata_narasimha_rao) and. [Manmohan Singh]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/manmohan_singh) [[8]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-8),. [[9]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-9) He studied at [Hyderabad School]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=hyderabad_public_school&ction=Edit&redLink=1) [(en)]
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hyderabad_public_school) [10] Institute of Technology.– de la. [[11]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-11) [Manipal Academy of Higher Education]
(https://f.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manipal_academy_of_higher_education&ction=Edit&redLink=1) [(en)]
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/manipal_academy And to obtain an engineering diploma in electronics and communication.
[[12]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-12),. [[13]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-13) after having
[expatriate] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/expatri%C3%A9) in [United States] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C39tats
United), Nadella obtains a [Master] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/master_ (grade_universaire)) in computer science at
[University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/universit%C3%A9_du_wisconsin_%C3%A0_milwaukee)
[[14]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-14), [15], as than a. [mba]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ma%C3%Aetrise_en_administer_des_affaires) at the
[University of CHICAGO] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/unnannersit%C3%A9_de_chicago). [[16]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org
#or #note-1 6) Carrière. [[Modifier] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella & Le Code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&azione=edit§ion=2)] Sun Microsystems. [Modifier]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&vezion=edit§ion=3) | [Modifier Le code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&azione=edit§ion=3)] Nadella Travaille pour [Sun Microsystems]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/sun_microsystems) [17] en Qu'ingénieur Technique, Avant de Rejoindre le Groupe.
[Microsoft] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/microsoft) en. [1992] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992). Crosoft.
[[Modifier] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&veazion=edit§ion=4) | [Modifier the code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&azione=edit§ion=4)] 1992–2014. [[m Odifier]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella & The queues]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&azione=edit§ion=5)) en 1992, nadella rejoint microsoft et fait
partie de la thirty of immigrants indienes travaillant pour la société. The A Notadillé Sur Sur le Project de Télévision
Interactive de Microsoft [18] (MSN TV) Et Le Système d’E exploitation. [Windows Nt]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/windows_nt). [[17]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-the_rise_of_satya_n Adella,
_The_Ce_who_totally_turned_microsoft_around_in_5_yaars_and_made_it_More_valuable_than_Apple-17) Chez Microsoft, the
Nottemment Les poses de Vice-Président senior du département "[Recherche & Développement]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/recheche_et_D%C3%A9Veloppement)» de la division "Services en Ligne" (online services) and
The division "Business" de Microsoft. Plus Tard, the FUT nommé président de la division "Business servants et odutils"
(19 Milliards de dollars de [chiffre d'Affaires] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/chiffre_d%27Affaires)), et manager the
transformation du modèle e et de de l'or Organisation des Ressources Internnes de la Branche «Services Client» Vers Les
Branches «[Cloud Computing] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/cloud_computing)» et "cloud services". The FUT Notmment the
Artisan de l'Intégrazion de [Microsoft Sql Server] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/microsoft_sql_server), de [Windows
Server] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/windows_server) et de la Branche "développement" (Autour de [Microsoft Visual
Studio] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/microsoft_visual_studio)) Dans La Solution [Cloud]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/cloud_ (Syst%C3%A8Me_D%27Exploitation) [Windows) [Windows) Azure]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/windows_azure). Ainsi, Les Revenus de la Division «Cloud Services» Son Passés de 16.6
Milliards de Dollars EN 2011 à Plus de 20 Milliards de Dollars EN 2013 [19] .In Tant Que PDG (2014–) [[Modifier]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&vezion=edit§ion=6) | [Modifier le le Code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&azione=edit§ion=6)] Depuis le, Satya Nadella est le nouveau
pdg de microsoft et succède à [steve Ballmer] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/steve_ballmer) [20]. Depuis le début de son
mandat the s'attelle au changement of the culture of entreprise de microsoft et à la simplification du processus of
ingénierie, pour être plus réactif sur le secteur .. [[21]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org #note-21) en) Suppreation of
Environ 14 % des Effectifs de Microsoft d'ici à 2015, soit 18 000 poses, cela afin d'Anta la taille de l'Entreprise face
ax deux leaders du secteur que sonnt [google] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/google) et [Apple]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/apple) [22].
Le, Microsoft announces the integration of [bitcoin] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/bitcoin), cryptographic currency
booming popularity, at its [Xbox] platform (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/xbox_ (Console)). It is also announced that
Microsoft will continue to carefully monitor the evolution of Bitcoin, in order to integrate it into other future
projects. At a press conference, Satya Nadella claims to be very interested in [Blockchain]
(https://fikipedia.org/wiki/blockchain) technology [23]. He also put on the cloud and participated in launching high
-end tablets like [surface pro 3] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wikrosoft_surface)) or the [surface pro 4]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_surface), as well as phones like [Microsoft Lumia]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_lumia) [950] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_lumia_950) and [950 xl]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?ttle=Microsoft_lumia_950_xl&arction=1) [(en)]
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_lumia_950_xl). In May [2017] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017), while
Microsoft and its competitors ([Amazon] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/amazon), [Apple]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/apple), [Google] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/google) and [IBM]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ibm) are preparing to integrate artificial intelligence in everyday life, Satya Nadella
said during a press conference that developers are responsible for preventing a future [dystopian]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/dystopique) of. [George Orwell] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/george_orwell) or the best
of. Huxley] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/aldous_huxley) (without quoting. [Skynet]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/skynet_ (Terminator)). On this occasion Jason Wong, Director of Research on Design and
Applications Development at. [Gartner] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/gartner) asked him what will happen to those of
unskilled jobs and of which will be replaced by robots. Bleus] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/col_bleu_
(class_sociale)). Others fear that artificial intelligence also captures an increasingly increasing part of the work of.
[[24]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-24); Subject addressed in the debates of. [White passes]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/col_blanc_ (class_sociale)) [Economic Forum Mondial]
(https://f.wikipedia.org/wiki/forum_%C3%A9conomique_mondial) from. [Davos] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/davos) in ..
[[25]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-25) 2024, its remuneration as a leader of Microsoft amounts to $ 79.1
million, up 63% compared to 2023 [26]. A sum essentially composed of actions (for a value of around $ 71 million).
Private. [[Modify] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?ttle=Satya_NADELLA&VEACTION=EDITIALE=7) | [Modify the Code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=satya_nadella&ction=edit§ion=7)] Satya Nadella has been married since 1992
to Anupama Priyadarshini [27], a training architect .. The couple has three children, two daughters and a son. In 2022,
Satya and Anupama Nadella lose their son Zain, who died at the age of 26 and who suffered from. [[7]] (https:
//fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-nadlafamily-7) [paralysis Cerebral]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/pararalysie_c%C3%A9r%C3%A9brale) [[7]] (https: //fr.w Ikipedia.org#Cite_note-
Anadelfamily-7),. [[28]] (https: //fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-28) Price price and distinctions. [[Modify]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_NAGELLA&VEACTION=EDITALIQUE=8) | [Modify the code]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tle=satya_nadella&arction=8)] is classified by [Time Magazine]
(https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/time_ (magazine)) in the list of 100 most influential people in the world, the. [Time
100] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/time_100).
[[29]](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_note-29)notes et
références.[modifier](https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=syitle=satya_nadella&veaction=edit”.
Code](https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stya_Nadella&action=edit§ion=9)](https](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-1)(EN)
«[WHO IS SATYA Nadella](https://www.business-standard.com/about/who-is-is-is-is-is-is-is-is-is-istandella)», sur
Business-Standard.com (Consulté le )[↑](https://fr.wikipeeda.org#cite_ref-2)(satia nadella, CEO,
Microsoft](https://www.forbes.com/profile/sattya-nadella/)», sur Forbes.com (Consulté le
)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-3)(En) Jagmohan s. Bhun s. Bhunr, nadella: The changing face of microsoft,
Hachette India, (Isbn](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/international_standard_book_number)[978-93-5009-891-2](htt
PS://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/sp%c3a9Cial:ouvrages_de_r%c3a9f%c3%A978-93-5009-891-2),[lirelire en en
Ligne](https://books.google.fr/books?id=-bnnawaqbaj&q=telugu+family+nadla+nadla&pg=pt7&redir_esc=
y#v=snippet&q=Telugu%20Famy%20Nadella%20Nadella&f=False))[ https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-4)(en) Pisapati Sadasiva
Syanarayana, Smart Deplomacy: Exploring in China-India Synergy, World Scientific,
(Isbn](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/international_standard_book_number)[978-1-938134-70-8](htt
PS://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/sp%c3%A9Cial:ouvrages_de_r%c3a9f%c3%A978-1-938134-70-8),[lirelire en en
Ligne](https://books.google.fr/books?id=zwxycwar&dq=Sattria+Nadella+Tlugu&pg=Pa34&redir_es
C=y#V=OnePage&Q=Satty%20Nadella%20Telugu&FF=False)(↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-5)(en) G vijayalakshmi,
«[‘Studious, Hardworking Boy hasiEved His Goal,’ says Sattya Nadella's dad](https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-
studious-hardworking-boy-has-hieved-his-goal-sys-sys-sys-satable-nadella-s-dad-1959411)», sur DNA India, (Consulté le
)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-6)(en) «[Remembering Ex-Bureaucrat Bn
yugandhar](https://www.theinduussline.com/news/remembering-bn-ygandhar/article29430142.ece)», sur
www.thehindubusinessline.com, (Consulté le )- (En) «.
[How Satya Nadella's Family Helped Him Become A Successful
Leader](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/how-satya-nadellas-family-helped-him-become-a-successful-
leader/not-without-my-mother/slideshow/77630821.cms?from=mdr)», sur[The Economic
Times](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economic_Times), (consulté le ) [↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-8)(en)
India Ministry of Home Affairs, The Civil List of Indian Administrative Service, The Ministry, ([lire en
ligne](https://books.google.fr/books?id=peodAAAAIAAJ&q=bukkapuram+nadella+yugandhar&redir_esc=y))[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-9)(en)
«[Satya Nadella's father BN Yugandhar passes away at the age of 82](https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/satya-nadela-
microsoft-ceo-father-bn-yugandhar-dies-hyderabad-1598978-2019-09-13)», sur India Today (consulté le
)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-10)["‘Never, ever stop learning’: Satya
Nadella"](http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130729/lifestyle-offbeat/article/%E2%80%98never-ever-stop-
learning%E2%80%99-satya-nadella), Anisha Dhiman, 29th Jul 2013, Decan
Chronical[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-11)(en) Annapurna Roy, «[When Satya Nadella said he should visit his alma
mater](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/microsoft-chief-pleased-to-hear-manipal-academy-for-higher-
education-using-his-companys-ai-based-tool/articleshow/117118533.cms?from=mdr)», sur The Economic Times, (consulté le
)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-12)[MIT thrilled over Nadella being in race to head Microsoft |
www.dnaindia.com](http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1880581/report-mit-thrilled-over-nadella-being-in-race-to-head-
microsoft)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-13)[Manipal Institute of Technology hails Sathya Nadella's success -
Times Of India](http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-28/news/41537529_1_microsoft-ceo-vinod-v-thomas-
manipal-institute)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-14)(en) «['Cricket should not shy away from technological change
throwing up new challenges'](https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/satya-nadella-cricket-should-not-shy-away-from-
technological-change-throwing-up-new-challenges-1123410)», sur ESPNcricinfo, (consulté le
)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-15)(en) Alison Bauter, «[Next Microsoft CEO could be UWM
graduate](https://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/news/2014/01/30/new-microsoft-ceo-could-be-uwm-grad.html)» , sur
www.bizjournals.com, (consulté le )[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-16)(en) «[Satya Nadella | Biography & Facts |
Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Satya-Nadella)», sur[Encyclopædia
Britannica](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica), (consulté le )- (en-US) Matt Weinberger, «.
[The rise of Satya Nadella, the CEO who totally turned Microsoft around in 5 years and made it more valuable than
Apple](https://www.businessinsider.com/the-rise-of-microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-2016-1)», sur Business Insider (consulté
le ) [↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-18)(en) «[Satya Nadella Is Making Microsoft Cool. No,
Seriously](https://time.com/4157575/how-microsoft-got-its-groove-back-and-whats-next/)», sur Time, (consulté le
)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-19)«[Indo-American Satya Nadella in race to be Microsoft’s new
CEO](http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/01/indo-american-satya-nadella-in-race-to-be-microsofts-new-ceo/)»,
IANS,Biharprabha News(consulté le )[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-20)[Qui est Satya Nadella, le nouveau patron de
Microsoft ?](https://www.challenges.fr/high-tech/20140204.CHA0003/qui-est-satya-nadella-le-nouveau-patron-de-
microsoft.html)«[Copie archivée](https://web.archive.org/web/20180723093800/https://www.challenges.fr/high-
tech/20140204.CHA0003/qui-est-satya-nadella-le-nouveau-patron-de-microsoft.html)» (version du sur),[Internet
Archive](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive)Challenges, 5 février
2014[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-21)Jérôme Marin,[Pour changer Microsoft, Satya Nadella « n’exclut rien
»](http://siliconvalley.blog.lemonde.fr/2014/07/11/pour-changer-microsoft-satya-nadella-nexclut-rien/),Le Monde -
Silicon Valley, 11 juillet 2014[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-22)Lucie Ronfaut, « Microsoft va supprimer 18 000
postes »,, encart «[Le
Figaro](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Figaro)[Économie](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Figaro_%C3%89conomie)»,
vendredi 18 juillet 2014, page 25.[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-23)(en) «[BitPay: Microsoft Has Aggressive
Global Vision for Bitcoin](http://www.coindesk.com/bitpay-microsoft-aggressive-global-vision-
bitcoin/)»,[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-24)(en) «[Microsoft CEO: tech sector needs to prevent ‘1984’ future :
MICROSOFT boss Satya Nadella has issued an ominous warning about the future of AI and the potential for a dystopian,
1984-esque future.](https://www.news.com.au/technology/home-entertainment/computers/microsoft-ceo-tech-sector-needs-to-
prevent-1984-future/news-story/eb533f55d35a8bf6d0ea4243f96b05e3)», sur news.com.au, (consulté le
)[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-25)Jitendra JOSHI (2017), article duA Davos, préoccupation pour les cols-blancs,
futures victimes de l'automatisationCourrier picard, publié le 19/01/2017[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-26)(en) «
Microsoft CEO Gets 2024 Pay Package Worth $79.1 Million »,Bloomberg.com, ([lire en
ligne](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-24/microsoft-ceo-nadella-s-2024-pay-package-
jumps-63-to-79-1-million), consulté le )[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-27)(en) «[Meet Anupama Nadella, Microsoft
CEO Satya Nadella’s wife for whom he gave up his Green Card](https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anu-anupama-
nadella-microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-wife-for-whom-he-gave-up-his-us-green-card-zain-3024379)», sur DNA India (consulté
le )[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-28)(en) «[Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella's son died at age 26. Here's what he
taught the leader about empathy.](https://fortune.com/2022/03/02/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadellas-son-empathy-
accessibility/)», sur Fortune (consulté le )[↑](https://fr.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-29)(en-US) «[Satya Nadella: The
World’s 100 Most Influential People](https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217556/satya-nadella/)»,
sur Time (consulté le )Liens
externes.[[modifier](https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_Nadella&veaction=edit§ion=10)|[modifier le
code](https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_Nadella&action=edit§ion=10)]- (en)[Site
officiel](https://news.microsoft.com/exec/satya-nadella/) - Ressource relative à la vie publique :- Notices dans des
dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes :
Analyse :
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[
"unskilled",
1
],
[
"jobs",
1
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[
"replaced",
1
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[
"robots",
1
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[
"bleus",
1
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[
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1
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[
"fear",
1
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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1
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[
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[
"architect",
1
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[
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[
"three",
1
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[
"two",
1
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[
"daughters",
1
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[
"lose",
1
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[
"suffered",
1
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[
"nadlafamily",
1
],
[
"paralysis",
1
],
[
"cerebral",
1
],
[
"ikipedia",
1
],
[
"anadelfamily",
1
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[
"editalique",
1
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[
"tle",
1
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[
"classified",
1
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[
"notes",
1
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[
"r\u00e9f\u00e9rences",
1
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[
"syitle",
1
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[
"istandella",
1
],
[
"wikipeeda",
1
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[
"satia",
1
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[
"profile",
1
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[
"jagmohan",
1
],
[
"bhun",
1
],
[
"bhunr",
1
],
[
"changing",
1
],
[
"hachette",
1
],
[
"bnnawaqbaj",
1
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[
"snippet",
1
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[
"pisapati",
1
],
[
"sadasiva",
1
],
[
"syanarayana",
1
],
[
"smart",
1
],
[
"deplomacy",
1
],
[
"exploring",
1
],
[
"china",
1
],
[
"synergy",
1
],
[
"scientific",
1
],
[
"zwxycwar",
1
],
[
"sattria",
1
],
[
"tlugu",
1
],
[
"onepage",
1
],
[
"satty",
1
],
[
"vijayalakshmi",
1
],
[
"hasieved",
1
],
[
"says",
1
],
[
"hieved",
1
],
[
"satable",
1
],
[
"bureaucrat",
1
],
[
"theinduussline",
1
],
[
"ygandhar",
1
],
[
"ece",
1
],
[
"thehindubusinessline",
1
],
[
"magazines",
1
],
[
"panache",
1
],
[
"slideshow",
1
],
[
"affairs",
1
],
[
"peodaaaaiaaj",
1
],
[
"indiatoday",
1
],
[
"nadela",
1
],
[
"dies",
1
],
[
"today",
1
],
[
"never",
1
],
[
"archives",
1
],
[
"deccanchronicle",
1
],
[
"lifestyle",
1
],
[
"offbeat",
1
],
[
"anisha",
1
],
[
"dhiman",
1
],
[
"jul",
1
],
[
"decan",
1
],
[
"chronical",
1
],
[
"annapurna",
1
],
[
"roy",
1
],
[
"visit",
1
],
[
"alma",
1
],
[
"mater",
1
],
[
"chief",
1
],
[
"pleased",
1
],
[
"hear",
1
],
[
"using",
1
],
[
"companys",
1
],
[
"based",
1
],
[
"tool",
1
],
[
"articleshow",
1
],
[
"bangalore",
1
],
[
"hails",
1
],
[
"sathya",
1
],
[
"success",
1
],
[
"timesofindia",
1
],
[
"vinod",
1
],
[
"thomas",
1
],
[
"alison",
1
],
[
"bauter",
1
],
[
"graduate",
1
],
[
"grad",
1
],
[
"facts",
1
],
[
"encyclop\u00e6dia",
1
],
[
"encyclop",
1
],
[
"matt",
1
],
[
"weinberger",
1
],
[
"totally",
1
],
[
"turned",
1
],
[
"years",
1
],
[
"made",
1
],
[
"valuable",
1
],
[
"businessinsider",
1
],
[
"insider",
1
],
[
"making",
1
],
[
"cool",
1
],
[
"seriously",
1
],
[
"got",
1
],
[
"groove",
1
],
[
"back",
1
],
[
"whats",
1
],
[
"microsofts",
1
],
[
"ians",
1
],
[
"copie",
1
],
[
"archiv\u00e9e",
1
],
[
"version",
1
],
[
"internet",
1
],
[
"f\u00e9vrier",
1
],
[
"j\u00e9r\u00f4me",
1
],
[
"marin",
1
],
[
"exclut",
1
],
[
"siliconvalley",
1
],
[
"lemonde",
1
],
[
"nexclut",
1
],
[
"monde",
1
],
[
"silicon",
1
],
[
"valley",
1
],
[
"lucie",
1
],
[
"ronfaut",
1
],
[
"supprimer",
1
],
[
"postes",
1
],
[
"encart",
1
],
[
"figaro",
1
],
[
"\u00e9conomie",
1
],
[
"vendredi",
1
],
[
"page",
1
],
[
"coindesk",
1
],
[
"boss",
1
],
[
"issued",
1
],
[
"ominous",
1
],
[
"warning",
1
],
[
"potential",
1
],
[
"esque",
1
],
[
"entertainment",
1
],
[
"computers",
1
],
[
"jitendra",
1
],
[
"joshi",
1
],
[
"dua",
1
],
[
"pr\u00e9occupation",
1
],
[
"cols",
1
],
[
"blancs",
1
],
[
"futures",
1
],
[
"victimes",
1
],
[
"automatisationcourrier",
1
],
[
"picard",
1
],
[
"publi\u00e9",
1
],
[
"gets",
1
],
[
"worth",
1
],
[
"jumps",
1
],
[
"anu",
1
],
[
"taught",
1
],
[
"accessibility",
1
],
[
"collection",
1
],
[
"liens",
1
],
[
"externes",
1
],
[
"officiel",
1
],
[
"exec",
1
],
[
"ressource",
1
],
[
"relative",
1
],
[
"vie",
1
],
[
"publique",
1
],
[
"notices",
1
],
[
"dictionnaires",
1
],
[
"encyclop\u00e9dies",
1
],
[
"g\u00e9n\u00e9ralistes",
1
]
],
"lists": []
},
"people": {
"commons": [
[
"Nadella",
4
],
[
"Modifier",
3
],
[
"Satya Nadella's",
3
],
[
"Satya Nadella.",
1
],
[
"Detailed list.pravasi",
1
],
[
"Bharatiya Samman",
1
],
[
"Satya Narayana Nadella",
1
],
[
"Prabhavati Yugandhar",
1
],
[
"Sanskrit",
1
],
[
"sri_padmavati_mahila_visvavidyalayam",
1
],
[
"Tirupati",
1
],
[
"Bukkapuram Nadella Yugandhar",
1
],
[
"Manmohan Singh",
1
],
[
"Modifier Le",
1
],
[
"Nadella Travaille",
1
],
[
"nadella rejoint microsoft",
1
],
[
"de la",
1
],
[
"Cloud Computing",
1
],
[
"de la Branche",
1
],
[
"Dans La Solution",
1
],
[
"Tant Que PDG",
1
],
[
"Modifier le le Code",
1
],
[
"steve Ballmer",
1
],
[
"note-21",
1
],
[
"Bitcoin",
1
],
[
"George Orwell",
1
],
[
"Huxley",
1
],
[
"Jason Wong",
1
],
[
"Subject",
1
],
[
"Zain",
1
],
[
"Jagmohan s. Bhun s. Bhunr",
1
],
[
"Pisapati Sadasiva Syanarayana",
1
],
[
"Smart Deplomacy:",
1
],
[
"Goal",
1
],
[
"Sattya Nadella's",
1
],
[
"Anisha Dhiman",
1
],
[
"Annapurna Roy",
1
],
[
"Sathya Nadella's",
1
],
[
"Alison Bauter",
1
],
[
"Satya Nadella |",
1
],
[
"Satya-Nadella",
1
],
[
"Matt Weinberger",
1
],
[
"de Microsoft",
1
],
[
"Ronfaut",
1
],
[
"JOSHI",
1
],
[
"consult\u00e9 le",
1
],
[
"Satya Nadella\u2019s",
1
]
]
},
"countries": [
[
"US",
5
],
[
"Milwaukee",
1
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],
"ident": {
"idents": [
[
"microsoft",
1
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[
"sun microsystems",
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[
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"orgs": [
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1
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]
}
}
Relation Satya_Nadella__CEO__microsoft
from : Satya_Nadella
to : microsoft
label : CEO
begin : 2014-02-04
Relation microsoft__Buy__github
label : Buy
from : microsoft
begin : 2018-10-26
to : github
Source microsoft_github_buy
label : Acquisition
url : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub#Acquisition_by_Microsoft (
local)
Text :
Title : GitHub - Wikipedia
GitHub.
| Type of business |
|
|---|
[version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-1)[San
Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco), California,
U.S.[Founder(s)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_founder)
[Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner)[Chris
Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath)[P. J. Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett)- Scott
Chacon.
- Thomas Dohmke (CEO)
- Mike Taylor (CFO)
- Kyle Daigle (COO)
- Collaborative.
[version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)(GitHub) - AI development tools (
[GitHub Copilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Copilot)) [Web
host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service)(GitHub Pages)[Package
repository](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_repository)([npm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm))
[Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue)
[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
techcrunch.com-2)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3)[Parent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_company)
[Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft)(2018–present)[github](https://github.com/).com
[IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6)support.
[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-4)[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-5)[Users](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_user)
)[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)[ASN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number)
[36459](https://bgp.tools/as/36459)GitHub ([/ˈɡɪthʌb/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ⓘ) is a.
[proprietary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_software)developer platform that allows developers to create,
store, manage, and share their code. It uses.
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)to provide.
[distributed version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_version_control)and GitHub itself provides.
[access control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_control),
[bug tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug_tracking_system),
[software feature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_feature)requests,
[task management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_management),
[continuous integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration), and.
[wikis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki)for every project.
Headquartered in.
[[8]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-hugeinvestment-8)[California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California),
GitHub, Inc.has been a subsidiary of.
[Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft)since 2018.
[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-techcrunch-9)It is commonly used to host [open
source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source) software development projects. [10] As of January 2023,
GitHub reported having over 100 million developers.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)and more than 420 million.
[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-11)[repositories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repository_(version_control)),
including at least 28 million public repositories.
[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-12)It is the world's largest.
[[13]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-13)[source code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code)host as of June
2023.
Over five billion developer contributions were made to more than 500 million open source projects in 2024.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)
[[14]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-14)About.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=1)]
Founding.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=2)]
The development of the GitHub platform began on October 19, 2005.[[15]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
beginning-15)[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-githuboneyear-16) [17] The site was launched in April 2008 by.
[Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner),
[Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath),
[P. J. Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett)and Scott Chacon after it had been available for a few months as
a.
[beta release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_release).
Its name was chosen as a compound of.
[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-pastie-18)and.
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)hub.
[[19]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-19)Structure of the organization.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=3)]
GitHub, Inc. was originally a [flat organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_organization) with no middle
managers, instead relying on [self-management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_self-management). [20] Employees
could choose to work on projects that interested them (
[open allocation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_allocation)), but the chief executive set salaries.
[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-nyt-21)In 2014, the company added a layer of [middle
management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_management) in response to harassment allegations against its co-
founder and then-CEO, Thomas Preston-Werner, and his wife, Theresa Preston-Werner. As a result of the scandal, [Tom
Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-Werner) resigned from his position as CEO. [22] Co-founder and
Product lead,
[Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath), became CEO.
[Julio Avalos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Avalos), then General Counsel and Administrative Officer, assumed
control over GitHub's business operations and day-to-day management.
[[23]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-23)Finance.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=4)]
GitHub was a [bootstrapped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship#Bootstrapping) [start-up
business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startup_company), which in its first years provided enough revenue to be funded
solely by its three founders and start taking on employees.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-24)
In July 2012, four years after the company was founded, [Andreessen
Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz) invested $100 million in [venture
capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture_capital) [8] with a $750 million valuation.
[[25]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-25)In July 2015 GitHub raised another $250 million (~$314 million in 2023) of
venture capital in a [series B round](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_B). The lead investor was [Sequoia
Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia_Capital), and other investors were [Andreessen
Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz), [Thrive
Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrive_Capital), IVP (Institutional Venture Partners) and other venture capital
funds.[[26]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-26) [27] The company was then valued at approximately $2 billion.
[[28]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-28)As of 2023, [update] GitHub was estimated to generate $1 billion in revenue
annually.
[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-techcrunch.com-2)History.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=5)]
The GitHub service was developed by [Chris Wanstrath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wanstrath), [P. J.
Hyett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Hyett), [Tom Preston-Werner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Preston-
Werner), and Scott Chacon using [Ruby on Rails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails), and started in February
2008. The company, GitHub, Inc., was formed in 2007 and is located in San
Francisco.[[29]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-29)
On February 24, 2009, GitHub announced that within the first year of being online, GitHub had accumulated over 46,000
public repositories, 17,000 of which were formed in the previous month. At that time, about 6,200 repositories had been
[forked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development)) at least once, and 4,600 had been merged.
That same year, the site was used by over 100,000 users, according to GitHub, [30] and had grown to host 90,000 unique
public repositories, 12,000 having been forked at least once, for a total of 135,000 repositories.
[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-31)In 2010, GitHub was hosting 1 million repositories. [32] A year later, this
number doubled.
[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-33)[ReadWriteWeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReadWriteWeb)reported that
GitHub had surpassed.
[SourceForge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge)and.
[Google Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Code)in total number of commits for the period of January to May
2011.
On January 16, 2013, GitHub passed the 3 million users mark and was then hosting more than 5 million repositories.
[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-34)By the end of the year, the number of repositories was twice as great,
reaching 10 million repositories.
[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-35)
[[36]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-36)In 2015, GitHub opened an office in Japan, its first outside of the
U.S.[[37]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-37)
On February 28, 2018, GitHub fell victim to the third-largest [distributed denial-of-
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_denial-of-service) (DDoS) attack in history, with incoming traffic
reaching a peak of about 1.35 terabits per second.[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DDOS-38)
On June 19, 2018, GitHub expanded its GitHub Education by offering free education bundles to all
schools.[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-39)[[40]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-40)
Acquisition by Microsoft.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=6)]
From 2012, [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft) became a significant user of GitHub, using it to host
open-source projects and development tools such as [.NET Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET), [Chakra
Core](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)), [MSBuild](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSBuild),
[PowerShell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerShell), [PowerToys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerToys),
[Visual Studio Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code), [Windows
Calculator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calculator), [Windows
Terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Terminal) and the bulk of its product documentation (now to be found on
[Microsoft Docs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Learn)).[[42]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
venturebeat-42)[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:1-43)
On June 4, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to acquire GitHub for US$7.5 billion (~$8.96 billion in 2023). The deal
closed on October 26, 2018. [44] GitHub continued to operate independently as a community, platform and business.
Under Microsoft, the service was led by.
[[45]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-45)[Xamarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamarin)'s.
[Nat Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman), reporting to.
[Scott Guthrie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Guthrie), executive vice president of Microsoft Cloud and AI.
Friedman resigned November 3, 2021, and was replaced by Thomas Dohmke.
[[46]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-46)There have been concerns from developers Kyle Simpson,
[JavaScript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript) trainer and author, and Rafael Laguna, CEO at [Open-
Xchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange) over Microsoft's purchase, citing uneasiness over Microsoft's
handling of previous acquisitions, such as [Nokia's mobile business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile) and
[Skype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype).[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-47)[[48]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-48)
This acquisition was in line with Microsoft's business strategy under CEO [Satya
Nadella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satya_Nadella), which has seen a larger focus on [cloud
computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing) services, alongside the development of and contributions to
open-source software.[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
techcrunch-9)[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:1-43)[[49]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-49) Harvard
Business Review argued that Microsoft was intending to acquire GitHub to get access to its user base, so it can be used
as a.
[loss leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_leader)to encourage the use of its other development products and
services.
[[50]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-50)Concerns over the sale bolstered interest in competitors:
[Bitbucket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitbucket) (owned by [Atlassian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlassian)),
[GitLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab) and [SourceForge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge) (owned by
[Slashdot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot)) reported that they had seen spikes in new users intending to migrate
projects from GitHub to their respective services.[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-
atlassian-10reasons-51)[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-zdnet-
rivalsgain-52)[[53]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-53)[[54]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-54)[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-55)
In September 2019, GitHub acquired [Semmle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semmle), a code analysis tool. [56] In
February 2020, GitHub launched in India under the name GitHub India Private Limited.
In March 2020, GitHub announced that it was acquiring.
[[57]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-57)[npm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm_(software)), a JavaScript packaging
vendor, for an undisclosed sum of money.
The deal was closed on April 15, 2020.
[[58]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-58)
[[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-59)In early July 2020, the GitHub Archive Program was established to archive
its open-source code in perpetuity.[[60]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-blog-60)
Mascot.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=7)]
GitHub's [mascot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascot) is Mona, [61] an.
[anthropomorphized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphized)"octocat" with five.
[octopus-like arms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod_limb).
[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Octodex_FAQ-62)The character was created by graphic designer.
[[63]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Jaramillo-63)[Simon Oxley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Oxley)as.
[clip art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clip_art)to sell on.
[iStock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IStock),
a website that enables designers to market.
[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-64)[royalty-free](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty-free)
[digital images](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image). The illustration GitHub chose was a character that Oxley
had named Octopuss.
Since GitHub wanted Octopuss for their logo (a use that the iStock license disallows), they negotiated with Oxley to buy
exclusive rights to the image.
[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-64)
[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-DeAmicis-64)GitHub renamed Octopuss to Octocat, [64] and trademarked the
character along with the new name.
Later, GitHub hired illustrator Cameron McEfee to adapt Octocat for different purposes on the website and promotional
materials; McEfee and various GitHub users have since created hundreds of variations of the character, which are
available on.
[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Octodex_FAQ-62)[The Octodex](https://octodex.github.com/).
[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-McEfee-65)
[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-66)Services.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=8)]
Projects on GitHub can be accessed and managed using the standard [Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) command-line
interface; all standard Git commands work with it. GitHub also allows users to browse public
[repositories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_repository) on the site. Multiple desktop clients and Git
[plugins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)) are also available. In addition, the site provides [social
networking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking)-like functions such as feeds, followers, wikis (using [wiki
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_software) called [Gollum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gollum_Wiki)), and
a [social network graph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaboration_graph) to display how developers work on their
versions ("[forks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development))") of a repository and what fork (and
branch within that fork) is newest.
Anyone can browse and download public repositories, but only registered users can contribute content to repositories.
With a registered user account, users can have discussions, manage repositories, submit contributions to others'
repositories, and [review changes to code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_review). GitHub began offering limited
private repositories at no cost in January 2019 (limited to three contributors per project). Previously, only public
repositories were free.[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-67)[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-68) [69]
On April 14, 2020, GitHub made "all of the core GitHub features" free for everyone, including "private repositories with
unlimited collaborators."
[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-70)The fundamental software that underpins GitHub is
[Git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) itself, written by [Linus
Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds), creator of Linux. The additional software that provides the
GitHub user interface was written using [Ruby on Rails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails) and
[Erlang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)) by GitHub, Inc. developers Wanstrath, [71] Hyett,
and Preston-Werner.
Scope.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=9)]
The primary purpose of GitHub is to facilitate the [version control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control) and
[issue tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issue_tracking_system) aspects of software development. Labels,
milestones, responsibility assignment, and a search engine are available for issue tracking. For version control, Git
(and, by extension, GitHub) allows [pull requests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull_request) to propose changes to the
source code. Users who can review the proposed changes can see a diff between the requested changes and approve them. In
Git terminology, this action is called "committing" and one instance of it is a "commit." A history of all commits is
kept and can be viewed at a later time.
In addition, GitHub supports the following formats and features:
- Documentation,
including automatically
rendered[[72]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-72)[README](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/README)files in a variety
of[Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown)-like file formats (see[README § On
GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/README#On_GitHub)) [Wikis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikis),with some
repositories consisting solely of wiki content. These include curated lists of recommended software which have become
known as awesome
lists.[[73]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-73)[[74]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-74)[[75]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-75)-
GitHub Codespaces, an.
[online IDE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_IDE)providing users with a virtual machine intended to be a work
environment to build and test
code[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-76)[[77]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-77)[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-78)
- Graphs: pulse, contributors, commits, code frequency, punch card, network, members.
- Integrations Directory.
[[79]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-79) - Email notifications.
[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-80) - Discussions.
[[81]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-81) - Option to subscribe someone to notifications by.
[@ mentioning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mention_(blogging))them.[[82]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-82)
[Emojis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji)[[83]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-83)- Nested.
[task-lists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_do_list)within files - Visualization of.
[geospatial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatial_analysis)data - 3D render files can be previewed using an
integrated STL file viewer that displays the files on a "3D canvas."
The viewer is powered
by[[84]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-3d-84)[WebGL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebGL)and[Three.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three.js).
- Support for previewing many common image formats, including Photoshop's PSD files.
- PDF document viewer.
- Security Alerts of known.
[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)in different
packages.
GitHub's Terms of Service do not require public software projects hosted on GitHub to meet the [Open Source
Definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Definition). The [terms of
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_service) state, "By setting your repositories to be viewed publicly, you
agree to allow others to view and fork your repositories."[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-85)
GitHub Enterprise.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=10)]
GitHub Enterprise is a self-managed version of GitHub with similar functionality. It can be run on an organization's
hardware or a cloud provider and has been available as of November
2011.[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit) [86] In November 2020, source code for
GitHub Enterprise Server was leaked online in an apparent protest against DMCA takedown of.
[youtube-dl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtube-dl). According to GitHub, the source code came from GitHub
accidentally sharing the code with Enterprise customers themselves, not from an attack on GitHub servers.
[[87]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-87)
[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-88)GitHub Pages.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=11)]
In 2008, GitHub introduced GitHub Pages, a [static](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_web_page) [web hosting
service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service) for [blogs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog), project
documentation,[[89]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-89) [90] and books.
All GitHub Pages content is stored in a Git repository as files served to visitors verbatim or in.
[[91]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-91)[Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Flavored_Markdown)format.
GitHub is integrated with.
[Jekyll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jekyll_(software))static website and blog generator and GitHub continuous
integration pipelines. Each time the content source is updated, Jekyll regenerates the website and automatically serves
it via GitHub Pages infrastructure.
[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-92)Like the rest of GitHub, it includes free and paid service tiers. Websites
generated through this service are hosted either as [subdomains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdomain) of the
github.io domain or can be connected to custom [domains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name) bought through a
third-party [domain name registrar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_registrar). [93] GitHub Pages supports
HTTPS encryption.
[[94]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-94)
[[95]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-95)GitHub Actions.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=12)]
GitHub Actions was officially launched on November 13, 2019. It was first announced in October 2018 at GitHub Universe
as a way to automate workflows, but the full general availability (GA) release came a year later in 2019. GitHub
Actions, [96] which allows building.
[continuous integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration)and.
[continuous deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_deployment)pipelines for testing, releasing and
deploying software without the use of third-party websites/platforms. Unlike many other CI/CD tools, GitHub Actions
launched with a marketplace where developers could share and reuse prebuilt actions (e.g., testing, linting,
deployments). GitHub wanted to reduce reliance on third-party services and keep developers within the GitHub ecosystem.
GitHub Actions provided hosted runners (Linux, Windows, macOS) that could dynamically scale, eliminating the need for
self-managed build servers.
Gist.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=13)]
GitHub also operates a [pastebin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin)-style site called Gist, which is for [code
snippets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snippet_(programming)), as opposed to GitHub proper, which is usually used for
larger projects. [18] Tom Preston-Werner débuted the feature at a Ruby conference in 2008.
[[97]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-97)Gist builds on the traditional simple concept of a
[pastebin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin) by adding version control for code snippets, easy forking, and [TLS
encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security) for private pastes. Because each "gist" is its own
Git repository, multiple code snippets can be contained in a single page, and they can be pushed and pulled using
Git.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-98)
Unregistered users could upload Gists until March 19, 2018, when uploading Gists was restricted to logged-in users,
reportedly to mitigate [spamming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamming) on the page of recent
Gists.[[99]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-99)
Gists' [URLs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL) use hexadecimal IDs, and edits to Gists are recorded in a [revision
history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control), which can show the text difference of thirty revisions per page
with an option between a "split" and "unified" view. Like repositories, Gists can be forked, "starred", i.e., publicly
bookmarked, and commented on. The count of revisions, stars, and forks is indicated on the gist
page.[[100]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-100)
Education program.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=14)]
GitHub launched a new program called the GitHub Student Developer Pack to give students free access to more than a dozen
popular development tools and services. GitHub partnered with [Bitnami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitnami),
[Crowdflower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdflower), [DigitalOcean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigitalOcean),
DNSimple, [HackHands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HackHands), [Namecheap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namecheap),
Orchestrate, Screenhero, [SendGrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SendGrid),
[Stripe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripe_(company)), [Travis CI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI), and
[Unreal Engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine) to launch the
program.[[101]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-101)
In 2016, GitHub announced the launch of the GitHub Campus Experts program [102] to train and encourage students to grow
technology communities at their universities. The Campus Experts program is open to university students 18 years and
older worldwide.
GitHub Campus Experts are one of the primary ways that GitHub funds student-oriented events and communities, Campus
Experts are given access to training, funding, and additional resources to run events and grow their communities. To
become a Campus Expert, applicants must complete an online training course with multiple modules to develop community
leadership skills.
[[103]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-103)GitHub Marketplace service.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=15)]
GitHub also provides some [software as a service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service) (SaaS)
integrations for adding extra features to projects. Those services include:
- Waffle.io: project management for software teams, which allows users to automatically see pull requests, automated
builds, reviews, and deployments across repositories.
[[104]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-104) - Rollbar: provides real-time debugging tools and full-stack exception
reporting.
[[105]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-105)[[106]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-106) - Codebeat: automated
code analysis for web and mobile developers.
[][citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) [Travis
CI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI):[continuous
integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration)service.[][citation
needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)- GitLocalize: provides utilities to manage project
translation and internationalisation.
[][citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)
GitHub Sponsors.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=16)]
GitHub Sponsors allows users to make monthly money donations to projects hosted on GitHub. [107] The public beta was
announced on May 23, 2019, and the project accepts waitlist registrations.
[The Verge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Verge)said that GitHub Sponsors "works exactly like.
[Patreon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patreon)" because "developers can offer various funding tiers that come with
different perks, and they'll receive recurring payments from supporters who want to access them and encourage their
work" except with "zero fees to use the program." Furthermore, GitHub offers incentives for early adopters during the
first year: it pledges to cover payment processing costs and match sponsorship payments up to $5,000 per developer.
Furthermore, users can still use similar services like Patreon and Open Collective and link to their websites.
[[108]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-108)
[[109]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-109)GitHub Archive Program.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=17)]
In July 2020, GitHub stored a February archive of the site [60] in an abandoned mountain mine in.
[Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard), Norway, part of the.
[Arctic World Archive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_World_Archive)and not far from the.
[Svalbard Global Seed Vault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svalbard_Global_Seed_Vault). The archive contained the code
of all active public repositories, as well as that of dormant but significant public repositories. The 21.
[TB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabyte)of data was stored on.
piqlFilmarchival film reels as.
[matrix (2D) barcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode#Matrix_(2D)_barcodes)(
[Boxing barcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_barcode)), and is expected to last 500–1,000 years.
[[110]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-110)
[[111]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-111)
[[112]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-112)
[[113]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-buried-113)The GitHub Archive Program is also working with partners on
Project Silica, in an attempt to store all public repositories for 10,000 years. It aims to write archives into the
molecular structure of [quartz glass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_glass) platters, using a high-precision
[petahertz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petahertz) pulse laser, i.e. one that pulses a
[quadrillion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrillion) (1,000,000,000,000,000) times per
second.[[113]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-buried-113)
Controversies.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=18)]
This article's.
may compromise the article's .
(April 2021) |
Harassment allegations.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=19)]
In March 2014, GitHub programmer Julie Ann Horvath alleged that founder and CEO Tom Preston-Werner engaged in a pattern
of [harassment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harassment) against her that led to her leaving the company. [114] In
April 2014, GitHub released a statement denying Horvath's allegations.
[[115]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-115)
[[116]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-NYTResigns-116)However, following an internal investigation, GitHub confirmed
the claims. GitHub's CEO Chris Wanstrath wrote on the company blog, "The investigation found Tom Preston-Werner in his
capacity as GitHub's CEO acted inappropriately, including confrontational conduct, disregard of workplace complaints,
insensitivity to the impact of his spouse's presence in the workplace, and failure to enforce an agreement that his
spouse should not work in the office."
[[117]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-117)Preston-Werner subsequently resigned from the company.
[[118]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-Follow_up_to_the_investigation_results-118)The firm then announced it would
implement new initiatives and trainings "to make sure employee concerns and conflicts are taken seriously and dealt with
appropriately."
[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:0-119)
[[119]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-:0-119)Sanctions.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=20)]
On July 25, 2019, a developer based in Iran wrote on [Medium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_(website)) that
GitHub had blocked his private repositories and prohibited access to GitHub pages. [120] Soon after, GitHub confirmed
that it was now blocking developers in.
[Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran),
[Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea),
[Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba),
[North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea), and.
[Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria)from accessing private repositories.
However, GitHub reopened access to GitHub Pages days later, for public repositories regardless of location. It was also
revealed that using GitHub while visiting sanctioned countries could result in similar actions occurring on a user's
account. GitHub responded to complaints and the media through a spokesperson, saying:
[[121]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-121)GitHub is subject to US trade control laws, and is committed to full
compliance with applicable law. At the same time, GitHub's vision is to be the global platform for.
[developer]collaboration, no matter where developers reside. As a result, we take seriously our responsibility to
examine government mandates thoroughly to be certain that users and customers are not impacted beyond what is required
by law. This includes keeping public repositories services, including those for open source projects, available and
accessible to support personal communications involving developers in sanctioned regions.[[122]][[123]]
Developers who feel that they should not have restrictions can appeal for the removal of said restrictions, including
those who only travel to, and do not reside in, those countries. GitHub has forbidden the use of
[VPNs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network) and [IP
proxies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server) to access the site from sanctioned countries, as purchase history
and IP addresses are how they flag users, among other sources.[[124]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-124)
Censorship.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=21)]
On December 4, 2014, Russia blacklisted GitHub.com because GitHub initially refused to take down user-posted suicide
manuals. [125] After a day, Russia withdrew its block,
and GitHub began blocking specific content and pages in Russia.
[[126]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-126)On December 31, 2014, India blocked GitHub.com along with 31 other
websites over pro-
[[127]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-127)[ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS)content posted by users;
the block was lifted three days later.
[[128]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-128)On October 8, 2016, Turkey blocked GitHub to prevent email leakage of a
hacked account belonging to the country's energy minister.
[[129]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-129)
[[130]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-130)On March 26, 2015, a large-scale
[DDoS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDoS) attack was launched against GitHub.com that lasted for just under five days.
[131] The attack, which appeared to originate from China, primarily targeted GitHub-hosted user content describing
methods of.
[circumventing Internet censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_circumvention).
[[132]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-132)
[[133]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-133)
[[134]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-134)On April 19, 2020, Chinese police detained Chen Mei and Cai Wei
(volunteers for Terminus 2049, a project hosted on GitHub), and accused them of "picking quarrels and provoking
trouble." Cai and Chen archived news articles, interviews, and other materials published on Chinese media outlets and
social media platforms that have been removed by censors in China.[[135]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-135)
ICE contract.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=22)]
GitHub has a $200,000 contract with [U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement) (ICE) for the use of their on-site
product GitHub Enterprise Server. This contract was renewed in 2019, despite internal opposition from many GitHub
employees. In an email sent to employees, later posted to the GitHub blog on October 9, 2019, CEO [Nat
Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Friedman) stated, "The revenue from the purchase is less than $200,000 and
not financially material for our company." He announced that GitHub had pledged to donate $500,000 to "nonprofit groups
supporting immigrant communities targeted by [the current
administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump)." [136] In response, at least 150 GitHub
employees signed an open letter re-stating their opposition to the contract, and denouncing alleged human rights abuses
by ICE. As of November 13, 2019,
five workers had resigned over the contract.
[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit)
[[137]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-137)
[[138]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-138)
[[139]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-139)The ICE contract dispute came into focus again in June 2020 due to the
company's decision [to abandon "master/slave" branch
terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_(technology)#Controversy), spurred by the George Floyd
protests and [Black Lives Matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) movement. [140] Detractors of GitHub
describe the branch renaming to be a form of.
[performative activism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performative_activism)and have urged GitHub to cancel their ICE
contract instead.
An open letter from members of the open source community was shared on GitHub in December 2019, demanding that the
company drop its contract with ICE and provide more transparency into how they conduct business and partnerships. The
letter has been signed by more than 700 people.
[[141]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-141)
[[142]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-142)Capitol riot comments and employee firing.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=23)]
In January 2021, GitHub fired one of its employees after he expressed concern for colleagues following the [January 6
United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack), calling some of the
rioters "[Nazis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazism)". [143] After an investigation, GitHub's COO said there were
"significant errors of judgment and procedure" with the company's decision to fire the employee. As a result of the
investigation, GitHub reached out to the employee, and the company's head of human resources resigned.
[[144]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-144)
[[145]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-145)Twitter source code leak.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=24)]
In 2023, parts of the social media platform [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) were uploaded onto GitHub.
The leak was first reported by the New York Times and was part of a legal filing Twitter submitted to the [United States
District Court for the Northern District of
California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California). Twitter
claimed that the postings infringed on copyright property owned by them, and asked the court for information to identify
the user who posted the source code to GitHub, under the username
"FreeSpeechEnthusiast".[[146]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-146)
Reception.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=25)]
In 2012, [Linus Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds), the original developer of Git, highly praised
GitHub, stating, "The hosting of github [ sic] is excellent. They've done a good job on that. I think GitHub should be
commended enormously for making open source project hosting so easy." However, he also sharply criticized the
implementation of GitHub's merging interface, saying, "Git comes with a nice pull-request generation module, but GitHub
instead decided to replace it with their own totally inferior version. As a result, I consider GitHub useless for these
kinds of things. It's fine for hosting, but the pull requests and the online commit editing, are just pure garbage."
[[147]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-147)
[[148]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-148)See also.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=26)]
[Collaborative innovation network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_innovation_network)[Collaborative
intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_intelligence)[Commons-based peer
production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production)[Comparison of source code hosting
facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_source_code_hosting_facilities)[DevOps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DevOps)[Gitea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitea)[GitLab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab)[Codeberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeberg)[Timeline
of GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_GitHub)[GitHub
Copilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub_Copilot)[Replit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replit)
References.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=27)]
[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-1)["New Year, New Company"](https://github.com/blog/589-new-year-new-
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keynoting-esris-devsummit/).[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042240/https://www.esri.com/arcgis-
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github/28-2007_octoberThe_rst_commit_was)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2017.- ^
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2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-109)["Announcing GitHub Sponsors: a new way to contribute to open
source"](https://github.blog/2019-05-23-announcing-github-sponsors-a-new-way-to-contribute-to-open-source/).The GitHub
Blog. May 23, 2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042246/https://github.blog/2019-05-23-announcing-
github-sponsors-a-new-way-to-contribute-to-open-source/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved May 24,
2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-110)["GitHub Has Stored Its Code in an Arctic Vault It Hopes Will Last 1,000
Years"](https://gizmodo.com/github-has-stored-its-code-in-an-arctic-vault-it-hopes-1844420340).Gizmodo. July 17,
2020.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022102/https://gizmodo.com/github-has-stored-its-code-in-an-arctic-
vault-it-hopes-1844420340)from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.Canales, Katie (July 18,
2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-111)["GitHub, the world's largest open-source software site, just had mounds
of data stored in the permafrost chamber of an old coal mine deep in an Arctic mountain for 1,000
years"](https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/github-the-worlds-largest-open-source-software-site-just-had-mounds-
of-data-stored-in-the-permafrost-chamber-of-an-old-coal-mine-deep-in-an-arctic-mountain-for-1000-years/ar-BB16U75c)..
Microsoft.[MSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSN)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201009010534/https://www.msn.com/en-
us/news/technology/github-the-worlds-largest-open-source-software-site-just-had-mounds-of-data-stored-in-the-permafrost-
chamber-of-an-old-coal-mine-deep-in-an-arctic-mountain-for-1000-years/ar-BB16U75c)from the original on October 9, 2020.
Retrieved July 18, 2020.Truong, Kevin (July 17, 2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-112)["21 Terabytes of Open
Source Code Is Now Stored in an Arctic Vault"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/21-terabytes-of-open-source-code-is-now-
stored-in-an-arctic-vault/).Vice.com. Vice
Media.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042248/https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7jpab/21-terabytes-of-open-
source-code-is-now-stored-in-an-arctic-vault)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2020.- ^
aByrne, Nate (August 12, 2020).b["Buried deep in the ice is the GitHub code
vault"](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-13/github-code-vault-in-artic-svalbard-safeguards-against-
calamity/12517948).ABC News. Australian Broadcasting
Corporation.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201115015832/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-13/github-code-
vault-in-artic-svalbard-safeguards-against-calamity/12517948)from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August
13, 2020. Biddle, Sam; Tiku, Nitasha (17 March 2014).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-
Valleywag_March_2014_114-0)["Meet the Married Duo Behind Tech's Biggest New Harassment
Scandal"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140317225437/http://valleywag.gawker.com/meet-the-married-duo-behind-techs-
biggest-new-harassme-1545685104).. Gawker. Archived from[Vallywag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallywag)[the
original](http://valleywag.gawker.com/meet-the-married-duo-behind-techs-biggest-new-harassme-1545685104)on March 17,
2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-115)["Results of the GitHub
Investigation"](https://github.blog/2014-04-21-results-of-the-github-investigation/).The GitHub Blog. April 22,
2014.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220713181543/https://github.blog/2014-04-21-results-of-the-github-
investigation/)from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved July 13, 2022.Miller, Claire Cain (April 21,
2014).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-NYTResigns_116-0)["GitHub Founder Resigns After
Investigation"](https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/github-founder-resigns-after-
investigation/?_php=true&_type=blogs&hp&_r=0).Bits. The New York
Times.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042210/https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/github-founder-
resigns-after-investigation/?_php=true&_type=blogs&hp=&_r=0)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved February 13,
2018.Wilhelm, Alex (April 21, 2014).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-117)["GitHub Denies Allegations Of "Gender-
Based Harassment," Co-Founder Preston-Werner Resigns"](https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/21/github-denies-allegations-of-
gender-based-harassment-co-founder-preston-werner-
resigns/).TechCrunch.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042238/https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/21/github-
denies-allegations-of-gender-based-harassment-co-founder-preston-werner-resigns/)from the original on March 22, 2021.
Retrieved June 25, 2017.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-Follow_up_to_the_investigation_results_118-0)["Follow up
to the investigation results"](https://github.com/blog/1826-follow-up-to-the-investigation-results).GitHub. April 28,
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investigation-results/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2014.- ^
aMcMillan, Robert (April 21, 2014).b["GitHub Founder Steps Down After Harassment
Probe"](https://www.wired.com/2014/04/tom-
pw/).Wired.[ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier))[1059-1028](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028).[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042246/https://www.wired.com/2014/04/tom-
pw/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2020. Saeedi Fard, Hamed (July 29,
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weapons"](https://medium.com/@hamed/github-blocked-my-account-and-they-think-im-developing-nuclear-
weapons-e7e1fe62cb74).Medium.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190811143236/https://medium.com/@hamed/github-
blocked-my-account-and-they-think-im-developing-nuclear-weapons-e7e1fe62cb74)from the original on August 11, 2019.
Retrieved August 12, 2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-121)["GitHub confirms it has blocked developers in Iran,
Syria and Crimea"](https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/29/github-ban-sanctioned-countries/).TechCrunch. July 29,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230117060041/https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/29/github-ban-sanctioned-
countries/)from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2019.Tung,
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sanctions/).ZDNet.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190924024105/https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-starts-
blocking-developers-in-countries-facing-us-trade-sanctions/)from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved August
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trade-sanctions-developers-restricted-crimea-cuba-iran-north-korea-syria).The
Verge.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190810062929/https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/29/8934694/github-us-trade-
sanctions-developers-restricted-crimea-cuba-iran-north-korea-syria)from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved
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russia/)..[TechCrunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechCrunch)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170706170940/https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/03/github-
russia/)from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved June 25, 2017.McMillan,
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Blacklist, GitHub Has Blocked Access To Pages That Highlight Suicide"](https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/05/to-get-off-
russias-blacklist-github-has-blocked-access-to-pages-that-highlight-suicide/).TechCrunch. December 5,
2014.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230117060529/https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/05/to-get-off-russias-
blacklist-github-has-blocked-access-to-pages-that-highlight-suicide/)from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved
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github-30-sites-blocked-india-content-isis/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2018.Wright, Mic
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banned/).The Next Web.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043020/https://thenextweb.com/in/2015/01/02/india-
lifts-blocks-github-vimeo-dailymotion-weebly-others-remain-banned/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved
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2016.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043012/https://www.siliconrepublic.com/enterprise/turkey-github-
dropbox-onedrive-recep-tayyip-erdogan)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 11,
2016.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-131)["Large Scale DDoS Attack on
github.com"](https://github.com/blog/1981-large-scale-ddos-attack-on-github-com). GitHub. March 27,
2015.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150328034203/https://github.com/blog/1981-large-scale-ddos-attack-on-
github-com)from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved March 31,
2015.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-132)["Last night, GitHub was hit with massive denial-of-service attack from
China"](https://www.theverge.com/2015/3/27/8299555/github-china-ddos-censorship-great-firewall).. March 27, 2015.[The
Verge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Verge)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043021/https://www.theverge.com/2015/3/27/8299555/github-
china-ddos-censorship-great-firewall)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 27,
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2015.[The Wall Street
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coding-website-github-hit-with-cyberattack-1427638940)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 29,
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government"](https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-
government/).. March 31, 2015.[Ars
Technica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_Technica)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043017/https://arstechnica.com/information-
technology/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government/)from the original on March 22,
2021. Retrieved April 1, 2015.Human Rights Watch (April 27, 2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-135)["China:
Free Covid-19 Activists, 'Citizen
Journalists'"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200827224311/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/27/china-free-
covid-19-activists-citizen-journalists). Archived from[the original](https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/27/china-free-
covid-19-activists-citizen-journalists)on August 27, 2020. Retrieved August 27,
2020.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-136)["GitHub and US Government
developers"](https://github.blog/2019-10-09-github-and-us-government-developers/).The GitHub Blog. GitHub. October 9,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322042959/https://github.blog/2019-10-09-github-and-us-government-
developers/)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 10,
2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-137)["As GitHub's Conference Begins, Five Employees Resign Over ICE
Contract"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/as-githubs-conference-begins-five-employees-resign-over-protest-ice-
contract/).Vice. November 13,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043012/https://www.vice.com/en/article/evjwwp/as-githubs-conference-
begins-five-employees-resign-over-protest-ice-contract)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 15,
2019.Ghaffary, Shirin (October 9, 2019).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-138)["GitHub is the latest tech company to
face controversy over its contracts with ICE"](https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/10/9/20906605/github-ice-contract-
immigration-ice-dan-
friedman).Vox.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043021/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/10/9/20906605/github-
ice-contract-immigration-ice-dan-friedman)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved November 15,
2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-139)["Letter from GitHub employees to CEO about the company's ICE
contract"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/letter-from-github-employees-to-ceo-about-the-company-s-ice-
contract/fb280de9-2bc3-40d5-b1a5-e3b954bf0d25/).The Washington Post. October 9,
2019.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043039/https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/letter-from-github-
employees-to-ceo-about-the-company-s-ice-contract/fb280de9-2bc3-40d5-b1a5-e3b954bf0d25/)from the original on March 22,
2021. Retrieved November 15, 2019.[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-140)["GitHub abandons 'master' term to avoid
slavery row"](https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53050955).BBC News. June 15,
2020.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043006/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53050955)from the
original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2020.Hussain, Suhauna; Bhuiyan, Johana (June 13,
2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-141)["After GitHub CEO backs Black Lives Matter, workers demand an end to
ICE contract"](https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-06-12/github-ceo-black-lives-matter-employees-
demand-end-ice-contract).Los Angeles
Times.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043014/https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-06-12/github-
ceo-black-lives-matter-employees-demand-end-ice-contract)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved July 1,
2020.Truong, Kevin (July 20, 2020).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-142)["The Open Source Community Is Calling on
Github to 'Drop ICE'"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/open-source-community-changing-github-avatars-drop-
ice/).Vice.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043019/https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7jpgy/open-source-
community-changing-github-avatars-drop-ice)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2020.Chan, Rosalie
(January 12, 2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-143)["EXCLUSIVE: GitHub is facing employee backlash after the
firing of a Jewish employee who suggested 'Nazis are about' on the day of the US Capitol
siege"](https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-github-backlash-jewish-employee-termination-2021-1).Business
Insider.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043002/https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-github-backlash-
jewish-employee-termination-2021-1)from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.Dickey, Megan Rose
(January 15, 2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-144)["Fired GitHub employee who warned co-workers about Nazis
is seeking legal counsel"](https://techcrunch.com/2021/01/15/fired-github-employee-who-warned-coworkers-about-nazis-is-
seeking-legal-
counsel/).TechCrunch.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210322043026/https://techcrunch.com/2021/01/15/fired-
github-employee-who-warned-coworkers-about-nazis-is-seeking-legal-counsel/)from the original on March 22, 2021.
Retrieved January 18, 2021.Higgins-Dunn, Noah (January 17, 2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-145)["GitHub head
of HR resigns after investigation into firing of Jewish employee over Capitol riot
comments"](https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/17/github-hr-head-resigns-after-investigation-of-firing-jewish-employee.html).
CNBC.[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210118091024/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/17/github-hr-head-resigns-after-
investigation-of-firing-jewish-employee.html)from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 18,
2021.D'Innocenzio, Anne (March 27, 2023).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-146)["Twitter hunts Github user who
posted source code online"](https://apnews.com/article/twitter-source-code-github-
leak-3e79927806911f9ee112b0383b51102a). AP News. Retrieved March 27, 2023.McMillan, Robert (May 11,
2012).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-147)["Linus Torvalds Invented Git, But He Pulls No Patches With
GitHub"](https://www.wired.com/2012/05/torvalds-
github/).Wired.[ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier))[1059-1028](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028).[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211205182545/https://www.wired.com/2012/05/torvalds-
github/)from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2022.Tim Anderson (September 6,
2021).[^](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_ref-148)["GitHub merges 'useless garbage' says Linus Torvalds as new NTFS
support added to Linux kernel 5.15"](https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/06/github_merges_useless_garbage_says/)..[The
Register](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Register)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220127204556/https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/06/github_merges_useless_garbage_says/)from
the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
External links.
[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&action=edit§ion=28)]
[Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata)has the property:
-
(see[GitHub username
(P2037)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P2037)[uses](https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP2037%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P2037%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000))
[GitHub](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GitHub).
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category):
[GitHub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:GitHub)[2018 mergers and
acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2018_mergers_and_acquisitions)[Bug and issue tracking
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bug_and_issue_tracking_software)[Cloud computing
providers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing_providers)[Collaborative
projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Collaborative_projects)[Computing
websites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computing_websites)[Cross-platform
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cross-platform_software)[Internet properties established in
2008](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Internet_properties_established_in_2008)[Microsoft
acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft_acquisitions)[Microsoft
subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft_subsidiaries)[Microsoft
websites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft_websites)[Open-source software hosting
facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Open-source_software_hosting_facilities)[Project management
software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Project_management_software)[Remote
companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Remote_companies)[Git repository hosting
websites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Git_repository_hosting_websites)
Analyse :
{
"mood": {
"sentiment_general": "Positive",
"polarite": 0.169,
"subjectivite": 0.498,
"scores_vader": {
"positif": 0.099,
"neutre": 0.853,
"negatif": 0.048,
"compose": 1.0
}
},
"words": {
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649
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[
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[
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16
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[
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16
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Event azure_events
label : Azurenevents
source :
from : microsoft
from-label : Organize
Source azure_events
label : Azurenevents
Analyse :
{}
Link microsoft__Organize__azure_events
from : microsoft
label : Organize
sources : azure_events
to : azure_events
Event microsoft_pay_so_much_github
label : Microsoft Paynso Much for GitHub
description : Why Microsoft Is Willing to Pay So Much for GitHub
source :
cats : financial
from : microsoft
from-label : Concerned
link : https://hbr.org/2018/06/why-microsoft-is-willing-to-pay-so-much-for-github
Source microsoft_pay_so_much_github
label : Microsoft Paynso Much for GitHub
description : Why Microsoft Is Willing to Pay So Much for GitHub
link : https://hbr.org/2018/06/why-microsoft-is-willing-to-pay-so-much-for-github
Analyse :
{}
Link microsoft__Concerned__microsoft_pay_so_much_github
from : microsoft
label : Concerned
cats : financial
sources : microsoft_pay_so_much_github
to : microsoft_pay_so_much_github
Link github__Concerned__microsoft_pay_so_much_github
label : Concerned
from : github
to : microsoft_pay_so_much_github
Linkedin¶
Event microsoft_linkedin
label : Microsoftnbuy Linkedin
description : Microsoft to buy LinkedIn for $26.2 billion in its largest deal
source :
cats : financial
from : microsoft
from-label : Buy
url : https://www.reuters.com/article/business/microsoft-to-buy-linkedin-for-262-billion-in-its-largest-deal-idUSKCN0YZ1FO/ (
local)
Source microsoft_linkedin
label : Microsoftnbuy Linkedin
description : Microsoft to buy LinkedIn for $26.2 billion in its largest deal
url : https://www.reuters.com/article/business/microsoft-to-buy-linkedin-for-262-billion-in-its-largest-deal-idUSKCN0YZ1FO/ (
local)
Error getting text from https://www.reuters.com/article/business/microsoft-to-buy-linkedin-for-262-billion-in-its-largest-deal-idUSKCN0YZ1FO/.
Create it manually, put it in text_store/microsoft_linkedin.json and remove text_cache/microsoft_linkedin.json
Analyse :
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Link microsoft__Buy__microsoft_linkedin
from : microsoft
label : Buy
cats : financial
sources : microsoft_linkedin
to : microsoft_linkedin
Quote microsoft_linkedin__cited in__microsoft_pay_so_much_github
label : cited in
from : microsoft_linkedin
to : microsoft_pay_so_much_github
World¶
Event microsoft_shocked_internet_buying_github
label : Microsoft’s GitHub AcquisitionnShocks the Internet
description : Pourquoi le rachat de GitHub par Microsoft pour 7,5 milliards de dollars choque Internet
source :
cats : financial
country : FR
from : microsoft
from-label : Concerned
url : https://www.latribune.fr/technos-medias/internet/pourquoi-le-rachat-de-github-par-microsoft-pour-7-5-milliards-de-dollars-choque-internet-780682.html (
local)
Source microsoft_shocked_internet_buying_github
label : Microsoft’s GitHub AcquisitionnShocks the Internet
description : Pourquoi le rachat de GitHub par Microsoft pour 7,5 milliards de dollars choque Internet
url : https://www.latribune.fr/technos-medias/internet/pourquoi-le-rachat-de-github-par-microsoft-pour-7-5-milliards-de-dollars-choque-internet-780682.html (
local)
Text :
Title : Pourquoi le rachat de GitHub par Microsoft pour 7,5 milliards de dollars choque Internet
Excerpt : Microsoft a officialisé le rachat, pour un montant de 7,5 milliards de dollars, de la plateforme de création de logiciels GitHub. Tollé sur le web : GitHub est l'un des sites phares des partisans du logiciel libre, qui s'opposent aux entreprises qui diffusent des logiciels fermés ou propriétaires, dont Microsoft est l'un des porte-étendards.
Why the redemption of GitHub by Microsoft for $ 7.5 billion shocks Internet.Microsoft invests $ 30 million over three
years in France. Brian Snyder.Microsoft invests $ 30 million over three years in France.Brian Snyder.Séisme in the world
of software, including free and open software. Github, the reference platform for developers around the world, was
bought by the American net giant Microsoft, known for its software suite -Forée- Windows. After several days of rumors,
the Redmond firm confirmed the acquisition, for an amount of $ 7.5 billion (6.4 billion euros). The transaction must be
carried out by Microsoft actions and should be finalized at the end of the year after the green light from the
regulatory authorities. Created in 2008, Github is certainly not very well known to the general public, but it still
claims more than 28 million users worldwide. Bible of developers, it is a platform that allows them to publish and
share, in a completely open way if they wish, the code they have created. Github is now hosting more than 80 million
projects: software of course, but also any other computer program (site, mobile application), without limitation of
programming language. Opening and the spirit of sharing that reigns in its community of users have logically transformed
Github into one of the flagship platforms of supporters of free software. The latter promote the transparency of
software thanks to the publication of the entire source code, which allows anyone to have access to it, to be able to
modify it to enrich it, or to use certain parts to create another software. With free software, a user can for example
adapt the program to the use he makes of it, which offers him flexibility. Free software is also supported by defenders
of freedoms on the net because its transparency is deemed democratic -Chacun can understand the actions and decisions of
the program -. It is also considered to be safer, because developers can identify if the code has been altered by a
stolen door - a flaw used in particular by intelligence services - or a cybercriminal. So, the culture of free claims
transparency, sharing and often free. It is opposed with most players in the software industry, who create and market
owner or closed software, that is to say, the source code of which is kept secret to prevent us from copying or
modifying it. Microsoft, the third world market capitalization behind Apple and Amazon, is the largest symbol with its
owner suite Windows, which has made its richness. The announcing of Github's buyout by Microsoft therefore gives some
cold sweats in the world of free software, both disappointed and worried. His supporters fear that the giant of Redmond
does not distort the concept of Github, in particular his collaborative approach, that he locks his flexibility of use
or that he is trying to take advantage of it. In a press release, Microsoft wanted to be reassuring. For the American
company, the acquisition will allow developers to have new tools at each stage of software development, which will allow
them to provide new services to their users:
Should we see in this redemption the destruction of a symbol of free software, or on the contrary its recognition by one
of the major players in the software industry? In recent years, Satya Nadella, the CEO of Microsoft, has been changing
the group to the cloud and artificial intelligence, and has multiplied the statements favorable to the development of
free software. Even if Windows and the services in the cloud -Logiciales and accommodation - draw most of the group's
income, Microsoft has thus started a rapprochement to the culture of free software. It offers for example the operating
system open Linux. To read also. The most read projects.
Analyse :
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Link microsoft__Concerned__microsoft_shocked_internet_buying_github
from : microsoft
label : Concerned
cats : financial
sources : microsoft_shocked_internet_buying_github
country : FR
to : microsoft_shocked_internet_buying_github
Event dohmke_you_could_write_software
label : Thomas Dohmkenbio
description : Thomas Dohmke – Biografie
source :
cats : media
from : Thomas_Dohmke
from-label : Concerned
url : https://www.theofficialboard.de/biografie/thomas-dohmke-d1601 (
local)
Todo
check this info with chatGpt
Source dohmke_you_could_write_software
label : Thomas Dohmkenbio
description : Thomas Dohmke – Biografie
url : https://www.theofficialboard.de/biografie/thomas-dohmke-d1601 (
local)
Text :
Title : Thomas Dohmke – Biografie
Excerpt : Lesen Sie die Biografie von Thomas Dohmke, bei Github als Chief Executive Officer – frühere Positione... Vollständiger Bio auf The Official Board.
Thomas War Principal Director of PM at Microsoft and Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer from HockeyApp. Thomas
Dohmke came to Microsoft in 2018. Thomas was Chief Product Officer and Vice President, Strategic Programs at
Microsoft.thomas Dohmke is currently Create] (https://www.thofficialboard.de/user/sign-up-with-executive
alert?fullname=thomas+dohmke) To track down the career of Thomas Dohmke. In 2008, Thomas Dohmke completed a PhD in
Mechanical Engineering from the University of Glasgow.se too Studied: Find [more alumni]
(https://www.theofficialboard.de/company/school-search?school=university of Glasgow) of the University of Glasgow.bener
Do you do more information about Thomas Dohmke? [More results.] [Error report] (https://www.thofficialboard.de/cdn-
cgi/L/email-protection#d4b6a1b394a0bcb1bbb2bbdbbdbbdbb5b6b0fab7bbbbba7a1b1b1B7a1b3f4a6
B1A4BBA6A0F2B6BBB0ADADE9BCA0A0A0A0A0A7EEFBFBA3A3A3A3A3FAA0B1BBB2BB7BDB5B8BBBB5
A6B0FAB0B1FBB6BBBBBBBBBBB3A6B2BDB1FBA0BCBCBBBBBBBBBBBBONB0B0BBBCBBCB1FB1F9B0E2E2E4E5) [ Update the organization of the
details of Thomas Dohmke.] (Https://www.thofficialboard.de/organigramm/github#2729503) Here are a few [tips]
(https://www.thofficialboard.de/info/tips-toT-tact-executive/user/home) Organization of your favorite company. Find the
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Analyse :
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Link Thomas_Dohmke__Concerned__dohmke_you_could_write_software
from : Thomas_Dohmke
label : Concerned
cats : media
sources : dohmke_you_could_write_software
to : dohmke_you_could_write_software